5% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP [WELLPHARMA] Infusion/Solution for

What is 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP [WELLPHARMA]

5% Sodium Chloride Injection USP [WELLPHARMA] is a sterile, isotonic intravenous solution containing sodium chloride at a concentration of 5%. It is supplied in a 500ml bag designed for intravenous infusion. This solution is primarily used to restore or maintain electrolyte balance, replenish sodium levels, and provide hydration in clinical settings. Sodium chloride is an essential electrolyte that helps maintain fluid balance, nerve function, and muscle function in the body.

• Composition: 5 grams of sodium chloride per 100 ml, providing a hypertonic solution compared to normal saline.
• Form: Sterile, clear, colorless intravenous infusion solution.
• Indications: Treatment of hyponatremia (low blood sodium), fluid volume depletion, and specific electrolyte imbalances.
• Clinical Use: Used in hospitals for patients requiring sodium replenishment, intravenous hydration, or during surgery and critical care.
• Packaging: Supplied in a 500ml plastic infusion bag, ready for intravenous administration.

How to use 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP [WELLPHARMA]

This solution must be administered intravenously with careful monitoring:

• Route of Administration: Intravenous infusion only. Never administer by any other route.
• Preparation: Inspect the bag for leaks, cloudiness, or particulate matter before use. Use aseptic techniques to connect the infusion set.
• Dosage and Rate: Dosage depends on the patient's condition, serum sodium levels, and clinical response. The infusion rate should be slow and carefully controlled to avoid rapid changes in blood sodium.
• Monitoring: Regularly monitor vital signs, serum electrolytes, and fluid status to adjust the infusion rate accordingly.
• Precautions: Avoid rapid infusion to prevent hypernatremia, fluid overload, or central pontine myelinolysis.
• Consultation: Use under medical supervision, particularly in patients with cardiac or renal impairments.

Mode of Action 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP [WELLPHARMA]

The therapeutic effects arise from the physiological role of sodium chloride:

• Electrolyte Replenishment: Sodium ions (Na⁺) are essential for maintaining extracellular fluid volume and osmotic balance.
• Osmotic Regulation: Sodium chloride solution increases plasma osmolarity, helping to draw water into the intravascular space and restore volume.
• Nerve and Muscle Function: Sodium ions are critical for nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction.
• Acid-Base Balance: Helps maintain acid-base homeostasis by supporting electrolyte balance.
• Hydration: Provides necessary fluids to treat dehydration and maintain blood pressure and circulation.

5% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP [WELLPHARMA] Interactions 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP [WELLPHARMA]

Several drug interactions and clinical considerations are relevant:

• Diuretics: Concurrent use with diuretics (especially potassium-sparing or loop diuretics) can affect electrolyte balance; monitor sodium levels closely.
• Cardiac Glycosides: Altered potassium and sodium levels may affect digitalis toxicity risk.
• Antihypertensives: May counteract the effect of antihypertensive drugs due to sodium retention.
• Other Electrolyte Solutions: Combining with other saline or electrolyte infusions requires careful balance to prevent overload or dilution.
• Medications Affecting Fluid Balance: Caution with corticosteroids, ACE inhibitors, or NSAIDs which influence sodium and water retention.

Dosage of 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP [WELLPHARMA]

Dosage must be individualized based on clinical condition, laboratory values, and response:

• Adults: Typical dosages range from 100ml to 500ml or more depending on severity of sodium depletion and fluid needs.
• Infusion Rate: Usually started slowly (e.g., 0.5-2 mL/kg/hour) and adjusted based on patient tolerance and serum sodium monitoring.
• Pediatric Patients: Dosage carefully calculated based on body weight and electrolyte requirements.
• Critical Care: In acute hyponatremia, hypertonic saline is given cautiously to avoid rapid sodium correction.
• Adjustments: Modify dose in patients with renal impairment, cardiac dysfunction, or fluid overload risk.

Possible side effects of 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP [WELLPHARMA]

While generally safe when used properly, side effects may include:

• Hypernatremia: Excess sodium may cause confusion, seizures, and neurological damage if corrected too rapidly.
• Fluid Overload: Signs include edema, hypertension, and pulmonary congestion, especially in patients with compromised heart or kidneys.
• Phlebitis or Thrombophlebitis: Local inflammation or vein irritation at the infusion site.
• Electrolyte Imbalance: Disturbances in potassium, calcium, or magnesium levels may occur.
• Allergic Reactions: Rare but may include rash, itching, or anaphylaxis.
• Other: Headache, nausea, and vomiting may occasionally occur.

5% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP [WELLPHARMA] Contraindications 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP [WELLPHARMA]

Contraindications include:

• Hypernatremia: Use is contraindicated in patients with elevated serum sodium levels.
• Severe Hypervolemia or Edema: Risk of fluid overload and cardiac decompensation.
• Congestive Heart Failure: Increased sodium load may exacerbate symptoms.
• Renal Failure: Inability to excrete excess sodium and water can worsen condition.
• Known Hypersensitivity: Allergy to sodium chloride or any component of the solution.
• Conditions requiring sodium restriction: Such as certain liver diseases or hypertension.

Storage of 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP [WELLPHARMA]

Proper storage preserves the sterility and efficacy of the solution:

• Temperature: Store at room temperature between 15°C to 30°C (59°F to 86°F).
• Light Exposure: Keep away from direct sunlight and excessive heat.
• Container: Do not use if the plastic bag is damaged, leaking, or the solution appears cloudy or discolored.
• Expiration: Use before the expiration date printed on the bag.
• Handling: Maintain aseptic technique when preparing and administering the infusion to avoid contamination.