5% DEXTROSE & 0.45% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Infusion/Solution for

What is 5% DEXTROSE & 0.45% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

5% Dextrose & 0.45% Sodium Chloride Injection USP is a sterile, non-pyrogenic intravenous solution used for fluid and electrolyte replenishment. This balanced infusion combines:

• Dextrose (as monohydrate) 5% w/v: A carbohydrate source that provides calories and helps prevent ketosis.
• Sodium Chloride 0.45% w/v: A saline solution that supplies sodium and chloride ions, essential for maintaining osmotic balance and extracellular fluid volume.

This solution is commonly administered to patients who require both hydration and minimal electrolyte replacement. It is especially beneficial in cases of:

• Dehydration with mild sodium loss
• Post-operative fluid maintenance
• Short-term fluid supplementation
• Initial therapy for diabetic ketoacidosis (after initial rehydration)

The 500ml plastic bag presentation is designed for convenient administration in clinical settings such as hospitals and emergency departments, and it is intended for intravenous use under medical supervision.

How to use 5% DEXTROSE & 0.45% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

Proper use of this IV solution requires healthcare provider supervision. Here are the key considerations for administration:

• Route: Administer intravenously through a sterile IV line using a controlled infusion device.
• Preparation: Check the bag for leaks, discoloration, or particulate matter before use. Discard if found unsuitable.
• Infusion Rate: The rate depends on age, weight, clinical condition, and electrolyte status of the patient.
• Duration: May be used for short-term hydration or as part of longer-term intravenous therapy, as directed by a physician.
• Monitoring: Continuously monitor fluid input/output, blood glucose levels, and electrolytes during infusion, especially in children, elderly patients, and those with comorbid conditions.

The solution should be administered using strict aseptic techniques. Do not use additives without professional evaluation of compatibility.

Mode of Action 5% DEXTROSE & 0.45% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

The therapeutic effect of this solution is due to the synergistic actions of dextrose and sodium chloride:

• Dextrose 5%:
  • Acts as a source of energy by entering cells and undergoing glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation.
  • Prevents the breakdown of body proteins (catabolism) by supplying adequate glucose.
  • Helps maintain fluid balance by contributing to osmotic pressure.
• Sodium Chloride 0.45%:
  • Supplies essential sodium and chloride ions, necessary for neuromuscular function and maintaining extracellular fluid volume.
  • Supports osmotic pressure and acid-base balance.
  • Helps restore plasma volume in mildly hyponatremic or volume-depleted states.

Together, these ingredients facilitate hydration, correct mild electrolyte imbalances, and support cellular metabolism in acutely or chronically ill patients.

5% DEXTROSE & 0.45% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Interactions 5% DEXTROSE & 0.45% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

Although generally considered safe, certain medications and conditions may interact with this IV solution:

• Corticosteroids and Mineralocorticoids: May cause sodium retention and fluid overload.
• Insulin: Alters glucose metabolism and may necessitate dosage adjustment when dextrose is infused.
• Diuretics: Can cause electrolyte imbalances, especially when combined with sodium-containing IV fluids.
• Cardiac Glycosides (e.g., Digoxin): Electrolyte shifts (e.g., hypokalemia) can potentiate toxicity.
• ACE Inhibitors or ARBs: May affect renal handling of sodium and potassium when infused concurrently.

Always evaluate the patient's full medication profile to anticipate potential interactions and avoid complications.

Dosage of 5% DEXTROSE & 0.45% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

Dosage must be individualized, depending on the patient’s condition, age, body weight, and fluid-electrolyte needs:

• Adults: Typically 500 to 3000 mL per day, infused over 24 hours. The volume and rate depend on hydration status and ongoing losses.
• Pediatric Patients: Dosage is calculated based on weight (e.g., 100–150 mL/kg/day) and tailored according to clinical condition and laboratory findings.
• Elderly Patients: Use with caution. Reduced renal function and cardiac reserve necessitate lower volumes and slower infusion rates.

Healthcare professionals must monitor the patient throughout the infusion for signs of fluid overload, electrolyte imbalance, or adverse reactions.

Possible side effects of 5% DEXTROSE & 0.45% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

While generally well tolerated, this infusion may lead to side effects, particularly in susceptible individuals or if misused:

• Fluid Overload: Can cause edema, pulmonary congestion, or heart failure in vulnerable patients.
• Electrolyte Imbalances: Prolonged use may result in hyponatremia, hypernatremia, or hypokalemia.
• Hyperglycemia: Particularly in diabetic patients or those receiving large volumes of dextrose.
• Thrombophlebitis: May occur at the infusion site due to vein irritation.
• Allergic Reactions (rare): Rash, pruritus, or anaphylactic response (extremely uncommon).

Most adverse effects can be prevented through careful patient monitoring, accurate dosing, and proper infusion technique.

5% DEXTROSE & 0.45% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Contraindications 5% DEXTROSE & 0.45% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

This solution should not be used in patients with the following conditions:

• Severe Renal Impairment: May lead to fluid retention, hypernatremia, or acidosis.
• Uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus: Dextrose may exacerbate hyperglycemia.
• Congestive Heart Failure or Pulmonary Edema: Risk of fluid overload and worsening of symptoms.
• Severe Hyponatremia or Hypernatremia: Electrolyte disturbances may worsen.
• Hypersensitivity: Documented allergy to any of the components (rare).

Administration should always be guided by a thorough assessment of fluid and electrolyte balance.

Storage of 5% DEXTROSE & 0.45% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

To ensure safety and efficacy, this product must be stored under proper conditions:

• Storage Temperature: 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F); excursions permitted to 15°C to 30°C (59°F to 86°F).
• Avoid Freezing: Do not allow the solution to freeze, as this can compromise container integrity and stability.
• Protect from Light: Though not always essential, protection from direct sunlight is advised for optimal stability.
• Check Before Use: Ensure solution is clear and free from particulates or discoloration. Do not use if the container is damaged or compromised.
• Single-Use Only: Discard any unused portion after administration. Do not reuse or resterilize.

Proper storage and handling are critical to maintain the sterility and therapeutic efficacy of the product.