5% DEXTROSE & 0.45% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Infusion/Solution for

What is 5% DEXTROSE & 0.45% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

5% Dextrose & 0.45% Sodium Chloride Injection USP is a sterile, non-pyrogenic intravenous (IV) fluid composed of two essential components: Dextrose (5%) and Sodium Chloride (0.45%). It serves as a source of hydration, energy, and electrolyte replenishment in patients requiring fluid replacement and nutritional support.

• Dextrose (5%) provides a readily available source of carbohydrates, essential for cellular metabolism and energy production.
• Sodium Chloride (0.45%) is a hypotonic saline solution that helps restore electrolyte balance, particularly sodium and chloride ions.
• This combination is commonly used for fluid resuscitation in mildly dehydrated patients and for maintenance of electrolyte and caloric needs.
• It is especially indicated in pediatric patients, surgical recovery, and in cases of mild sodium depletion with concurrent caloric requirement.
• Packaged in a 50ml plastic bag, it is primarily used in clinical settings under the supervision of healthcare professionals.

This formulation is part of the USP standards, ensuring its purity, quality, and compatibility for intravenous administration.

How to use 5% DEXTROSE & 0.45% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

This solution must be administered by qualified healthcare personnel via intravenous infusion under sterile conditions. Usage depends on the patient’s hydration status, electrolyte levels, and overall medical condition.

• Route of administration: Intravenous (IV) infusion only.
• Infusion rate: Determined by a physician based on the patient’s age, weight, fluid balance, and medical status. Typically administered slowly to avoid complications like fluid overload.
• Monitoring: During administration, close monitoring of vital signs, serum electrolytes, glucose levels, and fluid status is essential.
• Preparation: Ensure the plastic bag is intact before use. Do not use if the solution appears discolored, contains particulate matter, or if the bag is leaking.
• Compatibility: May be combined with other IV medications if confirmed compatible. Do not mix with incompatible solutions or drugs without proper verification.

Do not self-administer. It should be used only in healthcare settings or under medical supervision. Overuse or rapid administration can lead to serious complications such as hyponatremia or hyperglycemia.

Mode of Action 5% DEXTROSE & 0.45% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

This IV fluid acts through its dual components—Dextrose and Sodium Chloride—each performing distinct physiological roles.

• Dextrose:
  • Serves as a carbohydrate energy source.
  • Undergoes glycolysis and enters the Krebs cycle to produce ATP, the energy currency of cells.
  • Spare proteins from being used as an energy source, thereby preserving muscle mass.
• Sodium Chloride:
  • Helps maintain osmotic balance and extracellular fluid volume.
  • Sodium ions play a critical role in nerve transmission and muscle function.
  • Chloride ions are essential for maintaining acid-base balance in the body.

By providing both hydration and caloric energy, the solution supports both metabolic activity and fluid/electrolyte homeostasis in patients, especially when oral intake is inadequate or contraindicated.

5% DEXTROSE & 0.45% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Interactions 5% DEXTROSE & 0.45% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

While this solution is generally safe and compatible in clinical settings, certain drug interactions and physiological interactions should be considered.

• Medications affecting fluid/electrolyte balance:
  • Diuretics (e.g., Furosemide): May enhance sodium depletion or increase fluid loss.
  • Corticosteroids: May cause sodium and fluid retention, potentially leading to edema.
• Glucose-affecting medications:
  • Insulin: Concomitant use can lead to hypoglycemia due to glucose uptake.
  • Oral hypoglycemics: Risk of hypoglycemia when used alongside dextrose-containing solutions.
• Drugs incompatible with hypotonic or glucose-containing solutions:
  • Certain antibiotics, antiepileptics, or biologics may be unstable in such IV fluids.

Always consult a pharmacist or use compatibility reference sources when combining medications with this solution in IV therapy.

Dosage of 5% DEXTROSE & 0.45% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

The dosage must be individualized, based on the clinical needs of the patient and as directed by a physician. Factors influencing dosage include the patient’s age, weight, clinical condition, and electrolyte/glucose levels.

• Typical Adult Dosage: 500 ml to 1000 ml administered at a controlled infusion rate, usually between 20 to 150 ml/hour.
• Typical Pediatric Dosage: Calculated based on body weight, commonly around 20 to 100 ml/kg/day depending on age and condition.
• Geriatric Considerations: Lower infusion rates may be required due to reduced renal function or risk of fluid overload.

Infusion should be discontinued if adverse reactions occur, or when fluid and electrolyte needs are adequately met. Always monitor blood glucose and serum electrolytes regularly during administration.

Possible side effects of 5% DEXTROSE & 0.45% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

Although generally well-tolerated, this IV solution may occasionally lead to side effects, especially when used improperly or in sensitive individuals.

• Common Side Effects:
  • Injection site reactions (pain, redness, phlebitis)
  • Mild fluid overload
• Serious Side Effects:
  • Hyperglycemia
  • Hyponatremia or electrolyte imbalance
  • Edema (especially in patients with cardiac, renal, or hepatic impairment)
  • Hypersensitivity or allergic reaction (rare)

Seek medical attention immediately if symptoms such as chest pain, difficulty breathing, swelling, or confusion occur during infusion.

5% DEXTROSE & 0.45% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Contraindications 5% DEXTROSE & 0.45% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

The use of this intravenous solution is contraindicated in certain medical conditions due to the risk of exacerbating underlying health issues.

• Absolute Contraindications:
  • Known hypersensitivity to dextrose or sodium chloride
  • Severe hyperglycemia or diabetic coma not under control
  • Severe hyponatremia or hypernatremia
• Relative Contraindications (use with caution):
  • Renal impairment or anuria
  • Congestive heart failure
  • Liver cirrhosis with fluid retention
  • Postoperative fluid shifts or risk of cerebral edema

Appropriate clinical judgment and laboratory assessments are necessary before initiating therapy in patients with pre-existing conditions.

Storage of 5% DEXTROSE & 0.45% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

Proper storage ensures the stability, sterility, and efficacy of the intravenous solution until its time of use.

• Temperature: Store at controlled room temperature, ideally between 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F).
• Protection: Keep away from direct sunlight, heat sources, and freezing temperatures.
• Container: Inspect plastic bag for leaks, discoloration, or particulate matter before use. Discard any compromised bags.
• Do Not:
  • Use after the expiration date.
  • Reconnect partially used containers.
  • Shake vigorously before use.

Always follow institutional protocols and manufacturer's guidelines for safe storage and disposal of unused or expired solutions.