25% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP Infusion/Solution for

What is 25% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

25% w/v Dextrose Injection USP is a sterile, nonpyrogenic, hypertonic solution containing 250 mg/mL of dextrose (anhydrous) in water for injection. Packaged in 50 mL plastic bags, this intravenous solution is primarily used for:

• Acute management of hypoglycemia in patients unable to take oral glucose.
• Short-term fluid and caloric supplementation when oral intake is inadequate or contraindicated.
• Adjunct therapy in treating hyperkalemia by promoting intracellular potassium shift.

Each milliliter provides approximately 0.85 kcal, serving as a rapid source of energy. Due to its hypertonicity, administration should be carefully monitored to avoid complications such as phlebitis or thrombosis.

How to use 25% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

Administration of 25% Dextrose Injection should be conducted under strict medical supervision, adhering to the following guidelines:

• Route: Intravenous (IV) injection only. Preferably through a central vein to minimize the risk of venous irritation.
• Preparation:
  • Inspect the solution for clarity and absence of particulate matter.
  • Ensure the container is intact and the solution is clear before use.
• Administration:
  • Administer slowly to prevent hyperglycemia and hyperosmolar syndrome.
  • Monitor blood glucose levels before, during, and after administration.
• Precautions:
  • Do not administer subcutaneously or intramuscularly.
  • Avoid simultaneous infusion with blood products through the same line to prevent pseudoagglutination.

Always follow institutional protocols and consult prescribing information for specific administration instructions.

Mode of Action 25% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

Dextrose (glucose) is a monosaccharide that serves as a primary energy source for the body's cells. When administered intravenously:

• Rapidly increases blood glucose levels, providing immediate energy, especially vital in hypoglycemic states.
• Facilitates cellular uptake of glucose via insulin-mediated pathways, supporting metabolic functions.
• Promotes osmotic diuresis in high concentrations, aiding in the management of hyperkalemia by shifting potassium intracellularly.

The hypertonic nature of the solution draws water into the vascular compartment, which can be beneficial in certain clinical scenarios but requires careful monitoring to prevent fluid overload.

25% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP Interactions 25% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

While dextrose solutions are generally compatible with many medications, certain interactions and considerations include:

• Insulin: Co-administration enhances cellular glucose uptake; monitor for hypoglycemia.
• Potassium chloride: When used together, dextrose can help mitigate hyperkalemia; monitor serum potassium levels.
• Blood products: Avoid mixing in the same infusion line to prevent pseudoagglutination.
• Medications affecting glucose metabolism: Corticosteroids, thiazide diuretics, and others may alter glucose tolerance; monitor blood glucose accordingly.

Always consult compatibility charts and institutional guidelines before co-administering medications with dextrose solutions.

Dosage of 25% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

Dosage should be individualized based on patient needs, clinical condition, and response to therapy. General guidelines include:

• Adults:
  • For hypoglycemia: 10–25 g of dextrose (40–100 mL of 25% solution) administered slowly IV.
• Pediatrics:
  • For hypoglycemia: 0.5–1 g/kg (2–4 mL/kg of 25% solution) administered slowly IV.

Monitor blood glucose levels closely during and after administration. Adjust dosage as necessary based on clinical response and laboratory values.

Possible side effects of 25% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

Potential adverse effects include:

• Local reactions: Pain, redness, or swelling at the injection site.
• Metabolic disturbances: Hyperglycemia, hypokalemia, or fluid overload.
• Vascular complications: Phlebitis or thrombosis, especially with peripheral administration.
• Allergic reactions: Rare, but may include rash or hypersensitivity responses.

Promptly report any adverse reactions to the healthcare provider. Monitoring and supportive care may be necessary to manage side effects.

25% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP Contraindications 25% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

Contraindications include:

• Known hypersensitivity to dextrose or any component of the formulation.
• Hyperglycemia or diabetic coma with elevated blood glucose levels.
• Intracranial or intraspinal hemorrhage: Hypertonic solutions may exacerbate these conditions.
• Severe dehydration: May worsen hyperosmolar states.
• Delirium tremens: In dehydrated patients, administration may be contraindicated.

Assess patient history and current clinical status before initiating therapy.

Storage of 25% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

Proper storage is essential to maintain the integrity and efficacy of the solution:

• Temperature: Store at 20–25°C (68–77°F); avoid excessive heat.
• Protection: Keep away from light and moisture; do not freeze.
• Inspection: Before use, check for clarity and absence of particulate matter; do not use if the solution is discolored or contains particles.
• Single-use: Discard any unused portion; do not save for later use.

Adhering to storage guidelines ensures patient safety and therapeutic effectiveness.