20% w/v MANNITOL INTRAVENOUS INFUSION BP Infusion/Solution for

What is 20% w/v MANNITOL INTRAVENOUS INFUSION BP

20% w/v Mannitol Intravenous Infusion BP is a sterile, non-pyrogenic solution of Mannitol used primarily as an osmotic diuretic and renal diagnostic aid. It is commonly administered intravenously in medical settings to reduce intracranial pressure, lower intraocular pressure, and promote diuresis in acute kidney failure. This infusion is packaged in a 250ml plastic bag and is widely utilized in emergency and critical care settings.

• Generic Name: Mannitol
• Concentration: 20% w/v (i.e., 20 grams of Mannitol per 100ml of solution)
• Form: Solution for intravenous infusion
• Packaging: 250ml plastic bag
• Classification: Osmotic diuretic

Mannitol works by increasing the osmolarity of the glomerular filtrate, leading to decreased reabsorption of water and solutes, which promotes diuresis. It is also useful in decreasing brain edema and eye pressure before certain surgeries or in trauma cases.

How to use 20% w/v MANNITOL INTRAVENOUS INFUSION BP

This medicine should only be used under the supervision of a healthcare professional, typically in a hospital or clinical setting. The administration must be carefully controlled to avoid complications such as fluid or electrolyte imbalance.

• Route: Intravenous infusion only
• Dosage Setting: Typically administered using an infusion pump for precise control
• Patient Monitoring: Vital signs, fluid balance, renal function, and serum electrolytes should be closely monitored
• Infusion Rate: Determined by clinical condition; slow infusion is recommended to prevent fluid overload
• Visual Check: Solution should be clear and free of particulate matter before use

Before administration, ensure the IV line is patent and flush if necessary. The infusion should not be combined with other drugs unless compatibility is known. Mannitol should not be used if crystallized; if crystals form, warm the solution and allow them to dissolve completely before use.

Mode of Action 20% w/v MANNITOL INTRAVENOUS INFUSION BP

Mannitol exerts its pharmacological effect through its osmotic properties. As an inert substance filtered by the kidneys without being reabsorbed, it increases the osmolarity of plasma and renal filtrate, leading to water movement from intracellular to extracellular compartments.

• Osmotic Diuresis: Mannitol inhibits water reabsorption in the renal tubules, resulting in increased urine production
• Reduction of Intracranial Pressure: Mannitol draws fluid out of the brain parenchyma into the bloodstream, lowering cerebral edema
• Reduction of Intraocular Pressure: By increasing plasma osmolarity, it reduces vitreous volume and intraocular tension
• Renal Protection: Used to maintain urine output during acute kidney failure or surgery, helping to flush out nephrotoxins

Its onset of action is rapid—typically within 15 minutes—with diuretic effects lasting 2–8 hours, depending on the dose and patient condition. The agent is excreted unchanged by the kidneys, making it both diagnostically and therapeutically valuable in renal assessments.

20% w/v MANNITOL INTRAVENOUS INFUSION BP Interactions 20% w/v MANNITOL INTRAVENOUS INFUSION BP

Mannitol can interact with a number of drugs and clinical conditions, especially those affecting fluid and electrolyte balance. Careful monitoring and adjustment are required when used concurrently with the following medications or in specific scenarios:

• Nephrotoxic drugs: Use with aminoglycosides, NSAIDs, or amphotericin B can exacerbate renal impairment
• Diuretics: Concurrent use with other diuretics may enhance diuretic response but increase risk of dehydration and electrolyte disturbances
• Electrolyte Supplements: Potassium and sodium levels must be closely monitored to avoid imbalance
• Cardiac Medications: Mannitol-induced fluid shifts can influence hemodynamics, impacting the efficacy and safety of cardiac drugs
• Lithium: Mannitol may reduce serum lithium levels by enhancing renal excretion

Always inform your healthcare provider about all current medications before initiating Mannitol therapy. Avoid co-administration with other IV fluids unless compatibility is confirmed.

Dosage of 20% w/v MANNITOL INTRAVENOUS INFUSION BP

Dosage must be individualized based on patient weight, clinical condition, and therapeutic goals. It is essential to ensure that urine output is adequate before administering Mannitol, as accumulation can worsen fluid overload or cause renal stress.

• Adults: Typically 0.25–2g/kg body weight administered over 30–60 minutes, depending on the indication
• Pediatric: Dose should be calculated based on body weight and renal function; typically 0.25–1g/kg
• Maximum Dose: Generally should not exceed 200g/day
• Renal Function: Requires monitoring and possible dose adjustment in renal impairment
• Repeat Doses: May be given depending on response and clinical condition

Always follow the physician's guidance on dosage. Monitor urine output (target is ≥30ml/hour in adults) to assess efficacy. Adjust dosing if signs of fluid overload or renal dysfunction occur.

Possible side effects of 20% w/v MANNITOL INTRAVENOUS INFUSION BP

Mannitol is generally well tolerated when administered properly, but like all medications, it can cause side effects—particularly when used in high doses or in vulnerable patients.

• Common Side Effects:
  • Headache
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Chills and fever
  • Electrolyte imbalance (hypo/hypernatremia, hypokalemia)
• Serious Adverse Reactions:
  • Congestive heart failure or pulmonary edema (due to rapid fluid shifts)
  • Renal failure (with prolonged or excessive use)
  • Seizures or coma (due to rapid shifts in fluid or sodium levels)

Inform your healthcare provider if any unusual symptoms occur. Emergency intervention may be required if severe reactions develop.

20% w/v MANNITOL INTRAVENOUS INFUSION BP Contraindications 20% w/v MANNITOL INTRAVENOUS INFUSION BP

Mannitol is not suitable for all patients. Use is contraindicated in the following conditions where its osmotic and diuretic effects could be harmful:

• Anuria: Due to severe renal disease where no urine output is present
• Severe dehydration: Mannitol can worsen fluid deficit
• Active intracranial bleeding: Excluding during craniotomy procedures
• Congestive heart failure: Risk of fluid overload and pulmonary edema
• Hypersensitivity: Known allergy to Mannitol or formulation components

Thorough evaluation including renal function, fluid status, and cardiovascular assessment is essential before starting Mannitol therapy.

Storage of 20% w/v MANNITOL INTRAVENOUS INFUSION BP

Proper storage of Mannitol infusion solution is critical to maintaining its effectiveness and safety:

• Temperature: Store below 30°C (86°F); do not freeze
• Crystallization Risk: Mannitol may crystallize at lower temperatures; warm gently to 70°C and shake to dissolve crystals if necessary
• Light Sensitivity: Protect from excessive light; keep in outer packaging until use
• Shelf Life: Check expiration date before use; discard if expired or discolored
• Handling: Use aseptic technique when connecting the infusion set

Do not use if the solution is cloudy or contains particulate matter. Once opened, the solution should be used promptly and not stored for reuse.