10% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Infusion/Solution for

What is 10% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

10% Dextrose & 0.45% Sodium Chloride Injection USP is a sterile, non-pyrogenic intravenous solution supplied in a 1000ml plastic bag. It is designed for fluid replenishment, electrolyte balance, and caloric supplementation in patients requiring parenteral support.

• Dextrose 10% (w/v): Provides readily metabolizable glucose, essential in patients with increased energy needs or at risk of hypoglycemia.
• Sodium Chloride 0.45% (w/v): Offers a hypotonic saline solution that supplies sodium and chloride, crucial for maintaining extracellular fluid balance and cellular function.

It is typically used in clinical settings for:

• Fluid maintenance in fasting or post-operative patients.
• Correcting moderate dehydration with concurrent caloric needs.
• Preventing ketosis during periods of low oral intake.
• Providing a dual source of hydration and energy.

How to use 10% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

Proper use is vital to ensure efficacy and patient safety. The following practices are recommended:

• Ensure the solution is clear, and the bag is free from leaks or damage before use.
• Use aseptic technique to connect the bag to an IV line or infusion pump.
• Infuse intravenously, typically through a peripheral or central venous catheter.
• Adjust the infusion rate based on patient condition, age, weight, and ongoing fluid losses.
• Monitor fluid balance, electrolytes, and glucose levels regularly during use.

Avoid using with incompatible drugs and ensure any additives are mixed properly if introduced. This solution is not intended for intramuscular or subcutaneous injection.

Mode of Action 10% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

The therapeutic action of this combination is based on two main components:

• Dextrose: Metabolized to carbon dioxide and water via glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, dextrose provides essential calories. It helps prevent protein catabolism and ketone production during fasting.
• Sodium Chloride: Helps replenish sodium losses and maintain plasma osmolality. It is vital for nerve conduction, muscle function, and acid-base balance.

The combination:

• Addresses both energy and electrolyte requirements in one solution.
• Supports patients in catabolic or post-operative states.
• Helps restore hydration while avoiding hypertonic sodium overload.

10% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Interactions 10% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

Drug interactions may occur when used concurrently with certain medications:

• Insulin: Enhances cellular uptake of glucose, potentially causing hypoglycemia if glucose intake is insufficient.
• Diuretics: Loop and thiazide diuretics may alter fluid and electrolyte balance.
• Steroids (e.g., prednisone): Can cause fluid retention and increase blood glucose levels.
• ACE inhibitors: May exacerbate hyperkalemia when sodium levels are altered.
• Digoxin: Electrolyte disturbances, especially hypokalemia or hypernatremia, can increase the risk of toxicity.

Careful monitoring of electrolytes and glucose is essential when combining with other systemic therapies.

Dosage of 10% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

Dosage should be individualized based on the patient's age, weight, fluid and electrolyte needs, and clinical status.

• Adults: Commonly 1000–3000 ml/day, infused over 24 hours, adjusted as needed.
• Children: Typically dosed at 20–100 ml/kg/day, based on fluid and caloric requirements.

Important considerations:

• Use infusion pumps for controlled delivery.
• Monitor for signs of overhydration, such as edema or increased blood pressure.
• Adjust dosage in patients with renal, hepatic, or cardiac impairment.

Possible side effects of 10% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

Like all intravenous solutions, this product may lead to side effects, especially if administered inappropriately or in susceptible individuals:

• Hyperglycemia: Especially in diabetic or insulin-resistant patients.
• Hyponatremia or hypernatremia: Depending on volume and electrolyte balance.
• Fluid overload: Can cause pulmonary or peripheral edema.
• Thrombophlebitis: Local irritation or vein inflammation at the infusion site.
• Hypokalemia: Dilutional effects may lead to potassium deficiency.

Immediate discontinuation and appropriate management are required in case of adverse reactions.

10% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Contraindications 10% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

Do not use this solution in the following situations:

• Severe hyperglycemia or diabetes mellitus without insulin regulation.
• Acute or chronic heart failure: Risk of fluid overload and pulmonary edema.
• Severe renal insufficiency: Inability to excrete excess sodium and fluid.
• Known hypersensitivity: To dextrose or sodium chloride.
• Fluid overload states: Such as ascites or generalized edema.

Use with extreme caution in elderly patients and those with impaired electrolyte homeostasis.

Storage of 10% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

Proper storage maintains the integrity and sterility of the solution:

• Store at controlled room temperature between 15°C–25°C (59°F–77°F).
• Protect from excessive heat and direct sunlight.
• Do not freeze. Discard if the solution has been frozen.
• Inspect visually for clarity and container integrity before use.
• Use immediately after opening and discard any unused portion.

Follow institutional protocols for storage, handling, and disposal of parenteral solutions.