10% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Infusion/Solution for

What is 10% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

10% Dextrose & 0.45% Sodium Chloride Injection USP is a sterile, non-pyrogenic, intravenous solution formulated for fluid and electrolyte replenishment and caloric supplementation. Each 500ml bag contains:

• Dextrose 10% (w/v): A simple sugar that provides an immediate energy source for cellular metabolism.
• Sodium Chloride 0.45% (w/v): A hypotonic saline solution that helps maintain or restore sodium balance and hydration.

This combination solution is particularly useful in clinical situations such as:

• Correction of moderate fluid and electrolyte imbalances.
• Prevention and treatment of hypoglycemia in patients needing IV fluids.
• As maintenance fluid in patients unable to take adequate oral nutrition or hydration.
• Post-operative or perioperative care where fluid and caloric support are needed.

This medication should be administered under professional medical supervision via intravenous infusion.

How to use 10% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

Proper usage of this solution is critical to ensure patient safety and treatment efficacy. Administration guidelines include:

• Inspect the solution for clarity and the plastic bag for leaks or damage before use.
• Use aseptic technique for insertion of the IV line and connection of the infusion set.
• Administer using an infusion pump for precise control or gravity set when necessary.
• The infusion rate should be adjusted based on patient age, weight, fluid requirements, and clinical condition.
• Close monitoring is essential during infusion, particularly in patients with renal, cardiac, or hepatic disorders.

Avoid co-infusion with incompatible drugs. Always flush IV lines before and after administration of medications if using the same line.

Mode of Action 10% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

The clinical benefits of this combination arise from the synergistic action of its components:

• Dextrose (10%): Metabolized via glycolysis to produce energy in the form of ATP, supporting brain function and metabolic processes. It also prevents ketosis during starvation or fasting by supplying carbohydrates.
• Sodium Chloride (0.45%): Replaces sodium losses and contributes to maintaining osmotic equilibrium, nerve transmission, and muscular function. It aids in plasma volume expansion in cases of dehydration.

Together, they:

• Provide dual support—hydration and caloric supplementation.
• Help prevent or treat hyponatremia with energy provision.
• Support patients in post-surgical or catabolic states with both fluids and essential nutrients.

10% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Interactions 10% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

This solution can interact with certain medications or clinical conditions:

• Insulin: Can cause hypoglycemia if infused concurrently with dextrose; careful glucose monitoring is necessary.
• Diuretics: May increase fluid or electrolyte imbalance, especially loop or thiazide diuretics.
• Corticosteroids: May increase fluid retention and sodium levels.
• Cardiac glycosides (e.g., digoxin): Electrolyte imbalances can increase the risk of toxicity.
• ACE inhibitors or ARBs: May reduce sodium excretion and affect fluid volume.

Always evaluate the patient's current medications, electrolyte levels, and renal status prior to administration.

Dosage of 10% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

Dosage should always be individualized based on the patient’s fluid, electrolyte, and caloric needs:

• Adults: 500ml to 2000ml per 24 hours, adjusted according to clinical condition, typically infused at 83 to 125 ml/hour.
• Children: Dose calculated based on weight (ml/kg/hour), often ranging from 20 to 100 ml/kg/day, under strict monitoring.

General recommendations:

• Adjust infusion rate in elderly, renal, or cardiac patients to avoid volume overload.
• Monitor blood glucose levels closely in diabetic or insulin-treated patients.
• Use with infusion pumps where precision is necessary.

Dosage must be reassessed daily based on clinical and laboratory parameters.

Possible side effects of 10% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

Side effects are generally related to excessive dosing or underlying patient conditions:

• Hyperglycemia: Especially in diabetic or insulin-resistant patients.
• Fluid overload: Can cause pulmonary edema, peripheral edema, and hypertension.
• Electrolyte disturbances: Such as hyponatremia, hypernatremia, or hypokalemia depending on the clinical scenario.
• Local infusion reactions: Redness, pain, or swelling at the injection site, or thrombophlebitis.
• Infections: Rare, but can occur due to improper handling or prolonged use of IV lines.

All adverse effects require prompt recognition and management to avoid complications.

10% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Contraindications 10% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

This solution should not be used in certain clinical situations:

• Severe hyperglycemia or glucose intolerance: May worsen blood sugar control.
• Severe renal impairment: Risk of sodium and fluid overload.
• Congestive heart failure: Risk of worsening edema or cardiac decompensation.
• Acute pulmonary edema: Can be exacerbated by IV fluid administration.
• Known allergy: Rare but possible hypersensitivity to any component.

Caution is advised in elderly, pediatric, and critically ill patients.

Storage of 10% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

Correct storage is essential to maintain safety and efficacy:

• Store below 25°C (77°F); avoid exposure to direct sunlight or extreme heat.
• Do not freeze. If frozen, discard the solution.
• Inspect the bag visually before use. Use only if the solution is clear and the container is undamaged.
• Do not use beyond the expiration date printed on the bag.
• After opening, use immediately and discard any unused portion to prevent microbial contamination.

Follow local guidelines for disposal of used or expired IV fluids and equipment.