10% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Infusion/Solution for

What is 10% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

10% Dextrose & 0.45% Sodium Chloride Injection USP is a sterile, non-pyrogenic intravenous solution presented in a 250ml plastic bag. It combines two important components:

• Dextrose 10% (w/v): A rapidly metabolized carbohydrate source, providing immediate energy, especially in patients with low glucose levels or high energy demands.
• Sodium Chloride 0.45% (w/v): A hypotonic saline solution that helps maintain fluid balance and correct electrolyte disturbances, primarily sodium deficiency (hyponatremia).

This infusion is widely used in clinical settings for:

• Managing dehydration and mild sodium loss.
• Providing nutritional support through glucose.
• Serving as a maintenance fluid for patients unable to take oral hydration.
• Used in perioperative care or when patients are NPO (nothing by mouth).

The solution is only intended for intravenous administration under medical supervision.

How to use 10% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

This IV solution should be used exactly as directed by a healthcare provider. Key usage guidelines include:

• Ensure the plastic bag is intact, the solution is clear, and free from particulates or discoloration before use.
• Administer via sterile intravenous tubing using an IV pump or gravity set.
• Infusion should be given slowly to prevent rapid fluid shifts, especially in vulnerable patients.
• The rate and volume depend on the patient's clinical status, age, weight, and underlying condition.
• Monitor vital signs, blood glucose, electrolytes, and fluid balance during administration.

It is essential to:

• Change IV tubing as per infection control protocols.
• Avoid co-administration with blood products in the same line without proper flushing.
• Stop infusion immediately if signs of adverse reaction appear.

Mode of Action 10% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

This solution exerts its clinical effect through the actions of its two main ingredients:

• Dextrose: Rapidly absorbed into cells, it undergoes glycolysis to provide ATP, which is used for cellular energy. It prevents ketosis in patients who are not eating and provides essential calories.
• Sodium Chloride (0.45%): Contributes to extracellular fluid balance by replenishing sodium ions. This supports nerve transmission, muscle function, and acid-base balance.

Combined benefits of this infusion include:

• Maintenance of plasma osmolality and volume.
• Prevention of hypoglycemia and hyponatremia.
• Support of normal cellular metabolism and hydration.

This formulation is especially useful when both energy and sodium supplementation are required, such as in postoperative or dehydrated patients.

10% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Interactions 10% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

While generally safe, certain drug interactions may affect or be affected by this infusion:

• Diuretics: Loop or thiazide diuretics can influence sodium and water balance, requiring careful monitoring.
• Insulin: Co-administration may lower blood glucose excessively due to the dextrose content.
• Corticosteroids: Can cause fluid retention and exacerbate sodium imbalance.
• Potassium-sparing diuretics or potassium supplements: May interact with sodium content and disturb electrolyte balance.
• Cardiac glycosides (e.g., digoxin): Electrolyte disturbances may increase the risk of toxicity.

It’s important to assess all concurrent medications before initiating therapy with this solution, especially in patients with cardiovascular or renal conditions.

Dosage of 10% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

Dosage must be individualized based on clinical evaluation. Standard considerations include:

• Adults: Typical infusion volumes range from 250 mL to 2000 mL per 24 hours, based on hydration status and energy requirements.
• Children and Neonates: Dose and rate are calculated by body weight and must be administered with precision and monitoring.

General administration tips:

• Adjust the infusion rate in patients with renal or hepatic impairment.
• Monitor serum glucose and electrolytes regularly.
• Avoid infusing large volumes rapidly to prevent fluid overload, particularly in elderly or cardiac patients.

Always follow institutional or national protocols and use infusion pumps where accurate delivery is critical.

Possible side effects of 10% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

Though typically well-tolerated, some patients may experience adverse effects, particularly with improper dosing or in sensitive individuals:

• Hyperglycemia: Especially in diabetic or glucose-intolerant patients.
• Fluid overload: Pulmonary edema, peripheral edema, increased blood pressure.
• Electrolyte imbalances: Hyponatremia, hypokalemia, or hypernatremia if not properly monitored.
• Phlebitis: Local vein irritation, redness, or inflammation at the injection site.
• Hypersensitivity: Rare, but can manifest as rash, fever, or anaphylactoid reactions.

Prompt evaluation and discontinuation of the infusion are advised if serious side effects are suspected.

10% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Contraindications 10% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

Use of this infusion is contraindicated in the following cases:

• Hyperglycemia or Diabetes Mellitus: Uncontrolled blood sugar levels may worsen.
• Severe Renal Impairment: Increased risk of fluid retention, hypervolemia, and sodium overload.
• Congestive Heart Failure: Risk of fluid overload leading to pulmonary edema.
• Allergy: Known hypersensitivity to dextrose or sodium chloride.
• Intracranial or intraspinal bleeding: Glucose-containing solutions may increase cerebral edema.

Thorough patient history and lab assessments are essential before initiating this therapy.

Storage of 10% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

To maintain product stability and ensure patient safety, follow these storage guidelines:

• Store in a cool, dry place at controlled room temperature (15–25°C).
• Protect from light and avoid exposure to excessive heat.
• Do not freeze. Freezing may cause components to precipitate or degrade.
• Use immediately after opening. Discard any unused portion.
• Inspect the bag before use. Do not use if solution is discolored or if the bag is leaking or damaged.

Always follow institutional guidelines for safe storage and disposal of intravenous fluids.