10% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.225% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Infusion/Solution for

What is 10% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.225% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

10% w/v Dextrose & 0.225% w/v Sodium Chloride Injection USP is a sterile intravenous (IV) solution designed for fluid and electrolyte replacement in patients who cannot take fluids or nutrients by mouth, or for those in need of intravenous hydration and energy supplementation. It is available in a 500 mL plastic bottle, which is intended for infusion under medical supervision.

• Dextrose (Glucose) 10%: Dextrose, a simple sugar, is a source of energy for the body. The 10% concentration provides an immediate source of glucose for patients who require rapid energy replenishment due to conditions such as hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), dehydration, or prolonged fasting. Glucose is absorbed directly into the bloodstream and utilized by the body’s tissues, especially the brain and muscles, which rely heavily on glucose for energy.
• Sodium Chloride 0.225%: Sodium chloride, or common salt, is essential for maintaining proper fluid balance and electrolyte levels in the body. The 0.225% concentration of sodium chloride helps to restore and maintain normal sodium levels in the blood. Sodium is crucial for regulating blood pressure, hydration, and proper functioning of the nervous and muscular systems. This infusion also aids in maintaining the body’s overall electrolyte balance and preventing dehydration.

This combination is used to treat conditions where there is a need for both energy and fluid/electrolyte replacement, such as in patients undergoing surgery, suffering from severe dehydration, or recovering from illness where fluid and glucose intake is not possible orally. It is crucial for restoring fluid and electrolyte balance and supporting cellular function during recovery periods.

How to use 10% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.225% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

10% w/v Dextrose & 0.225% w/v Sodium Chloride Injection USP is an intravenous solution, which means it must be administered through a vein. The usage of this infusion solution requires medical supervision and should be tailored to the patient’s clinical needs, based on their age, weight, medical condition, and electrolyte requirements. Here’s how to use this medication:

• Preparation: The solution comes pre-mixed in a sterile 500 mL plastic bottle. Prior to use, check the bottle for any visible signs of damage, contamination, or discoloration. If any issues are found, discard the solution and use a fresh one.
• IV Setup: The solution should be connected to an intravenous (IV) infusion set. Proper sterile technique is essential to avoid introducing infection during the setup process. Make sure to prime the IV line and ensure there are no air bubbles before starting the infusion.
• Administration: The infusion should be administered slowly and at the prescribed rate, which is typically determined by the healthcare provider based on the patient's needs. For adults, the typical infusion rate ranges from 100 mL/h to 250 mL/h, but it may be adjusted depending on the clinical situation.
• Monitoring: Close monitoring of the patient is necessary during the infusion process. The healthcare provider should monitor vital signs, including heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate. Additionally, blood glucose and electrolyte levels should be monitored to ensure the infusion is not causing imbalances.
• Duration: The duration of the infusion will vary depending on the patient’s condition and response to treatment. In some cases, the infusion may be completed in a few hours, while in others, it may take several hours or days.

During the infusion, it is crucial to ensure that the patient is comfortable and that no complications arise. The infusion rate may need adjustment depending on the patient's fluid balance, blood pressure, and glucose levels. Always follow the healthcare provider's recommendations.

Mode of Action 10% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.225% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

The mode of action of 10% w/v Dextrose & 0.225% w/v Sodium Chloride Injection USP involves the physiological effects of its two active components—dextrose (glucose) and sodium chloride. These work together to provide both immediate energy and help restore fluid and electrolyte balance in the body:

• Dextrose (Glucose) Action: Dextrose is a simple sugar that is absorbed quickly into the bloodstream. Once in the blood, it provides a quick source of energy, particularly for the brain, muscles, and other tissues. The 10% concentration ensures a rapid increase in blood glucose levels, making this infusion particularly useful in treating hypoglycemia or in patients who are unable to consume food orally.
• Sodium Chloride Action: Sodium chloride dissociates into sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-) ions in the bloodstream. Sodium is essential for maintaining fluid balance, regulating blood pressure, and facilitating nerve and muscle function. The 0.225% sodium chloride concentration helps replenish sodium levels in the blood and supports the body’s ability to manage water retention and cell hydration. The chloride ions help maintain the acid-base balance of the blood.

In combination, these two components help to rapidly restore both energy stores and electrolyte levels, addressing dehydration, blood sugar imbalances, and sodium deficiencies. The body’s cells, especially in the brain, depend on glucose for energy, while sodium plays a critical role in maintaining normal cellular function and fluid balance.

10% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.225% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Interactions 10% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.225% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

10% w/v Dextrose & 0.225% w/v Sodium Chloride Injection USP can interact with other medications, and it is important to be aware of these potential interactions to ensure the safe and effective use of the infusion solution. Below are some notable interactions:

• Insulin: Since dextrose raises blood glucose levels, insulin therapy may need to be adjusted during the administration of this infusion. Diabetic patients should have their blood glucose levels monitored regularly to prevent hyperglycemia or excessive insulin dosing. If insulin is administered alongside this infusion, close monitoring of glucose levels is necessary.
• Diuretics (e.g., Furosemide): Diuretics, which promote the excretion of water and sodium, may cause an imbalance when combined with an infusion containing sodium chloride. These medications can lead to either sodium depletion or retention, so electrolyte levels must be monitored to avoid hypo- or hypernatremia.
• ACE Inhibitors (e.g., Lisinopril): ACE inhibitors can raise potassium levels in the blood, potentially leading to hyperkalemia. When using 10% w/v Dextrose & 0.225% w/v Sodium Chloride Injection USP, the sodium levels need to be balanced carefully, as excessive sodium intake combined with elevated potassium could result in dangerous electrolyte imbalances.
• Beta-blockers (e.g., Metoprolol): Beta-blockers, which are used to manage hypertension and heart conditions, may also affect fluid and sodium balance in the body. Patients receiving beta-blockers may require careful monitoring for changes in blood pressure and electrolyte levels during the infusion.
• Other Intravenous Fluids: When administering multiple intravenous fluids simultaneously, compatibility must be assessed to prevent chemical reactions or precipitation. It is essential to confirm that the medications and fluids being infused do not interact negatively with each other.

Always consult with a healthcare provider before combining this infusion solution with other medications to ensure compatibility and adjust dosages accordingly.

Dosage of 10% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.225% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

The dosage of 10% w/v Dextrose & 0.225% w/v Sodium Chloride Injection USP depends on the patient's condition, age, weight, and medical needs. The solution is typically administered intravenously, and the healthcare provider will determine the appropriate dosage and infusion rate based on the patient's clinical status.

• For Adults: The general infusion rate for adults is between 100 mL/h and 250 mL/h. In cases of severe dehydration or when fluid and electrolyte correction is urgently needed, higher infusion rates may be prescribed under close supervision. The total volume to be infused will depend on the patient's fluid and electrolyte deficit and overall clinical condition.
• For Pediatric Patients: Pediatric dosing is often based on weight and clinical condition. The healthcare provider will adjust the infusion rate according to the child’s fluid needs and electrolyte status. Typically, pediatric patients may require slower infusion rates compared to adults.
• For Specific Conditions (e.g., Post-surgery or Severe Dehydration): The infusion rate and volume will be adjusted to meet the specific needs of the patient. Postoperative patients, for instance, may require larger volumes of fluid and glucose replacement to maintain energy levels and hydration during recovery.

Healthcare providers should monitor the patient’s response to the infusion, checking for signs of fluid overload, electrolyte imbalances, or changes in blood glucose levels. The infusion rate can be adjusted depending on how well the patient tolerates the solution.

Possible side effects of 10% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.225% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

While 10% w/v Dextrose & 0.225% w/v Sodium Chloride Injection USP is generally safe when administered under medical supervision, there are potential side effects that should be monitored:

• Hyperglycemia: One of the most common side effects, particularly in diabetic patients, is elevated blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia). Symptoms may include excessive thirst, increased urination, fatigue, and blurred vision. Blood glucose levels should be closely monitored, and insulin therapy may be adjusted as needed.
• Fluid Overload: Rapid or excessive infusion can lead to fluid overload, particularly in patients with impaired kidney function or heart failure. Symptoms of fluid overload include swelling, shortness of breath, high blood pressure, and difficulty breathing. These patients should be monitored for signs of edema and pulmonary complications.
• Electrolyte Imbalances: Although this solution contains sodium chloride, improper infusion rates can cause an imbalance in sodium or chloride levels. Both hyponatremia (low sodium) and hypernatremia (high sodium) can occur. Monitoring of electrolytes is essential to prevent such imbalances.
• Phlebitis: Inflammation of the vein at the infusion site (phlebitis) is a potential side effect, especially if the infusion is given too quickly or if the vein is not properly cared for. Symptoms may include pain, redness, and swelling at the IV site.
• Infection: Infection at the injection site is a risk with any intravenous infusion. Symptoms of infection include redness, warmth, pain, or pus at the infusion site. Careful sterile technique during IV insertion and handling can reduce this risk.

Patients should be carefully monitored during the infusion for any of these side effects. If any severe symptoms occur, such as breathing difficulties or confusion, the infusion should be stopped immediately, and medical intervention should be sought.

10% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.225% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Contraindications 10% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.225% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

While 10% w/v Dextrose & 0.225% w/v Sodium Chloride Injection USP is beneficial for many patients, there are certain conditions where its use is contraindicated:

• Hypersensitivity: Patients with a known hypersensitivity or allergy to dextrose, sodium chloride, or any other components of the solution should not receive this infusion.
• Severe Hyperglycemia: In patients with severely uncontrolled diabetes or hyperglycemia, the infusion of dextrose could worsen the condition, leading to potentially dangerous increases in blood glucose levels. Insulin therapy or an alternative fluid solution should be considered in these cases.
• Severe Renal Failure: Patients with severe kidney impairment may not be able to process the fluid and sodium content effectively, increasing the risk of fluid retention and electrolyte imbalances. This solution should not be administered to patients with severe renal failure unless specifically indicated under medical supervision.
• Heart Failure: In patients with congestive heart failure, the additional fluid volume provided by this infusion could exacerbate the condition, leading to worsening edema, difficulty breathing, or fluid retention. Close monitoring is essential if used in these patients.

Before administration, it is important to evaluate the patient's health status to ensure that this solution is the appropriate treatment option. If contraindications exist, alternative therapies should be considered.

Storage of 10% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.225% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

Proper storage is essential to maintain the quality and effectiveness of 10% w/v Dextrose & 0.225% w/v Sodium Chloride Injection USP:

• Temperature: Store the solution at room temperature (between 20°C and 25°C or 68°F to 77°F). Do not freeze the solution as freezing may cause the solution to degrade and become ineffective.
• Protect from Light: The infusion solution should be stored in a dark place or in packaging that protects it from direct light exposure to prevent chemical degradation.
• Expiration Date: Always check the expiration date printed on the bottle before use. Do not use the solution after its expiration date, as it may no longer be sterile or effective.
• Packaging Integrity: Ensure the bottle is sealed properly and that there are no leaks or damages to the packaging. If the bottle is compromised in any way, do not use the solution.

Proper storage ensures that the infusion solution remains sterile and effective for use, reducing the risk of contamination or degradation.