0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INFUSION [PSI] Infusion/Solution for

What is 0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INFUSION [PSI]

0.9% w/v Sodium Chloride Infusion [PSI] is a sterile, non-pyrogenic isotonic solution of sodium chloride in water. It is commonly referred to as “normal saline” and is used in clinical settings for a wide range of purposes including fluid replacement, electrolyte balance maintenance, and as a vehicle for the dilution of medications for intravenous administration.

• Formulation: Each 1000ml bag contains 9g of sodium chloride in water for injection.
• Presentation: Supplied in a NON-PVC flexible plastic bag, minimizing risks associated with DEHP leaching and ensuring compatibility with sensitive medications.
• Primary Uses: Volume replenishment, treatment of dehydration, dilution of medications, and flushing of IV catheters.
• Electrolyte Content (per liter):
  • Sodium (Na⁺): 154 mmol
  • Chloride (Cl⁻): 154 mmol

This infusion is considered safe and well-tolerated, making it a foundational component in emergency medicine, surgical recovery, intensive care, and general clinical hydration protocols.

How to use 0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INFUSION [PSI]

p>0.9% Sodium Chloride Infusion should be administered by a healthcare professional, typically via intravenous (IV) infusion under sterile conditions.

• Route of Administration: Intravenous (IV) drip using a sterile infusion set.
• Infusion Rate: Determined by the patient's clinical condition, age, fluid/electrolyte needs, and comorbidities.
• Before Use:
  • Inspect the bag for clarity, particulate matter, or damage. Do not use if the solution is cloudy or the seal is broken.
  • Confirm that the expiration date has not passed.
• Instructions for Use:
  • Connect the IV set to the designated port of the NON-PVC bag.
  • Prime the IV tubing to remove air before attaching to the patient.
  • Monitor the infusion rate and patient response during administration.
• Special Considerations:
  • Use with caution in patients with heart failure, renal impairment, or fluid overload.
  • Strictly adhere to aseptic techniques to avoid infections.

Mode of Action 0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INFUSION [PSI]

The therapeutic effect of 0.9% Sodium Chloride Infusion lies in its ability to restore extracellular fluid volume and maintain osmotic balance between body compartments.

• Isotonic Nature:
  • With an osmolarity of approximately 308 mOsm/L, it is considered isotonic with human plasma.
  • This property allows it to remain in the extracellular space without causing significant osmotic shifts into or out of cells.
• Sodium and Chloride Ions:
  • Sodium is the major extracellular cation essential for maintaining fluid balance, nerve conduction, and muscle function.
  • Chloride maintains electroneutrality and participates in acid-base balance.
• Fluid Resuscitation:
  • Replenishes circulating blood volume during hypovolemia or shock.
  • Restores tissue perfusion and supports blood pressure.
• Drug Diluent:
  • Used as a solvent for IV medications due to its compatibility and physiological safety.

Overall, the infusion's mode of action is passive but physiologically essential for stabilizing the body’s fluid and electrolyte balance.

0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INFUSION [PSI] Interactions 0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INFUSION [PSI]

While sodium chloride itself has limited direct interactions, its use in intravenous therapy may influence or be influenced by other medications and patient conditions.

• Drug Compatibility:
  • Compatible with many IV drugs, but always check the specific compatibility chart before mixing.
  • Can be used to dilute or reconstitute medications such as antibiotics, analgesics, or corticosteroids.
• Potential Drug Interactions:
  • Corticosteroids & NSAIDs: May increase sodium retention and fluid overload risk.
  • Diuretics: Can affect sodium levels, requiring monitoring.
  • Antihypertensive drugs: Excess sodium can counteract their effects.
• Electrolyte Influence:
  • May dilute other electrolytes (e.g., potassium, magnesium), especially with prolonged infusion.
• Clinical Monitoring:
  • Watch for signs of fluid overload, especially in elderly or cardiac patients.
  • Regularly monitor serum electrolytes and renal function during extended use.

Healthcare professionals should assess all current medications and conditions before initiating infusion therapy to avoid potential interactions.

Dosage of 0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INFUSION [PSI]

Dosage must be individualized based on the patient’s age, body weight, clinical condition, and ongoing losses of fluids and electrolytes.

• Adults:
  • Commonly used rates: 500 mL to 1,000 mL over 1–6 hours depending on clinical need.
  • Maintenance: 25–30 mL/kg/day of fluid; adjust based on hydration status.
• Children:
  • Dosing based on body weight and maintenance fluid requirements (e.g., 100 mL/kg/day for the first 10 kg).
• Geriatric Patients:
  • Use with caution due to higher risk of cardiac and renal impairment.
• Special Cases:
  • Shock or severe dehydration: rapid infusion of 1000 mL over 1 hour may be required.
  • Drug vehicle: volume based on dilution requirements of the medication being infused.

All administrations must be under strict medical supervision with monitoring for electrolyte imbalances and fluid overload.

Possible side effects of 0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INFUSION [PSI]

p>Although generally well tolerated, side effects can occur, especially when large volumes are infused rapidly or in sensitive patient groups.

• Common Adverse Effects:
  • Injection site reactions: redness, swelling, or phlebitis.
  • Mild edema due to sodium and water retention.
• Serious Side Effects:
  • Fluid overload leading to pulmonary edema or hypertension.
  • Hypernatremia (elevated sodium levels) causing confusion, restlessness, or seizures.
  • Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis from excessive chloride intake.
• Allergic Reactions:
  • Rare, but possible hypersensitivity reactions may include rash, itching, or anaphylaxis.
• Monitoring:
  • Regular checks of fluid balance, weight, and lab values (electrolytes, renal function).

Immediate medical attention is necessary if any signs of adverse reaction occur during infusion.

0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INFUSION [PSI] Contraindications 0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INFUSION [PSI]

Though widely used, there are specific clinical conditions where the use of normal saline is contraindicated or should be closely monitored.

• Absolute Contraindications:
  • Hypernatremia (elevated sodium levels).
  • Hyperchloremia or chloride-rich acidosis.
• Relative Contraindications (Use with Caution):
  • Severe congestive heart failure (risk of volume overload).
  • Chronic renal insufficiency or failure.
  • Liver cirrhosis with ascites.
• Drug-specific Considerations:
  • May not be appropriate for diluting medications requiring hypotonic or dextrose-containing fluids.

A detailed assessment of the patient’s clinical condition and fluid-electrolyte balance is essential before administering this infusion.

Storage of 0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INFUSION [PSI]

Proper storage ensures product stability, safety, and sterility.

• Storage Conditions:
  • Store below 25°C (77°F); do not freeze.
  • Keep in the original packaging to protect from light and contamination.
• Handling Instructions:
  • Do not use if the solution is cloudy, discolored, or contains visible particulates.
  • Do not reconnect partially used bags.
• Shelf Life:
  • Typically 24–36 months when unopened and stored appropriately.
• Disposal:
  • Discard unused portions after opening.
  • Follow local regulations for disposal of medical waste.

Always follow hospital protocol or manufacturer's guidelines for storage and handling to maintain product integrity.