0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P. Infusion/Solution for

What is 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

0.45% w/v Sodium Chloride Intravenous Infusion B.P. is a sterile, isotonic intravenous solution containing sodium chloride (0.45% w/v) dissolved in water. This infusion is commonly used for fluid and electrolyte replenishment in patients requiring intravenous treatment. It is supplied in a 250ml plastic bag, designed for easy use in hospital and clinical settings.

• Form: Infusion/Solution for intravenous use.
• Volume: 250ml plastic bag.
• Generic Name: Sodium chloride 0.9% w/v.

This infusion serves as a mild saline solution, often used to treat dehydration, maintain hydration, or restore fluid and sodium balance in the body. Due to its lower concentration compared to normal saline (0.9%), it is often used in clinical situations where mild rehydration is required, especially when avoiding excessive sodium intake is crucial.

The solution is commonly used in hospitals and clinics for patients who require controlled intravenous fluid administration. It may be administered as part of rehydration therapy or when administering other medications intravenously that require dilution.

How to use 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

0.45% w/v Sodium Chloride Intravenous Infusion B.P. is administered intravenously by a healthcare professional. The infusion should only be used in a controlled clinical environment, where patient monitoring is feasible.

• Preparation: Before use, inspect the plastic bag for any visible damage, leaks, or particulate matter. The solution should be clear and free from discoloration. Do not use if any abnormalities are present.
• Administration: The infusion should be connected to a sterile intravenous set and administered through an IV catheter or access device. The solution is typically administered through the peripheral or central venous access.
• Infusion Rate: The rate of infusion is typically determined based on the patient’s clinical condition and hydration needs. In general, an initial infusion rate of 50 to 100 ml per hour is common, although this may vary depending on the patient’s age, body weight, and fluid status.
• Monitoring: The patient should be closely monitored during the administration of the infusion. Vital signs (blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate) and laboratory parameters (electrolytes, fluid balance) should be checked regularly to ensure that the patient is responding appropriately to treatment.
• Co-Administration with Other Drugs: If this infusion is used as a diluent for other intravenous medications, ensure compatibility by consulting established compatibility charts. The solution should not be mixed with certain medications unless compatibility has been confirmed.

It is important to follow the prescribed administration instructions from the healthcare provider, adjusting the infusion rate based on the patient's specific needs and response to therapy.

Mode of Action 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

0.45% w/v Sodium Chloride Intravenous Infusion B.P. works by replenishing sodium and chloride levels in the body, thus maintaining proper electrolyte balance and fluid distribution.

• Sodium’s Role: Sodium is a critical electrolyte that helps maintain blood pressure, fluid balance, and normal nerve and muscle function. By restoring sodium levels, the infusion helps regulate fluid volume both inside and outside the cells.
• Chloride’s Role: Chloride works in conjunction with sodium to maintain osmotic pressure and acid-base balance. It helps prevent shifts of fluids between compartments in the body and stabilizes the pH of the blood.
• Hypotonic Nature: The 0.45% w/v concentration of sodium chloride is hypotonic compared to the body’s normal fluid balance. This characteristic helps to draw water into the cells, promoting intracellular hydration without causing excessive sodium retention. This is useful for mild rehydration or fluid replacement in cases where the body needs fluid but excess sodium should be avoided.
• Fluid Distribution: After administration, the solution is distributed primarily in the extracellular space. Because it has a lower sodium concentration than the body’s normal fluids, it contributes to hydration by shifting fluid into cells, enhancing cellular hydration and promoting normal physiological function.

This infusion is particularly useful in patients who require fluid replacement or electrolyte balance without the risk of sodium overload. It is commonly used in clinical settings for conditions like mild dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, or to prepare for other intravenous treatments.

0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P. Interactions 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

0.45% w/v Sodium Chloride Intravenous Infusion B.P. with other drugs, it is important to be aware of potential interactions that could affect the efficacy or safety of treatment.

• Diuretics: Diuretic medications, such as furosemide or thiazide diuretics, can alter electrolyte levels, particularly potassium and sodium. The use of sodium chloride infusions with diuretics can increase the risk of electrolyte imbalances, including hypernatremia and dehydration. Close monitoring of electrolytes is essential during co-administration.
• Corticosteroids: Corticosteroid medications, like prednisone, can increase sodium retention and fluid retention in the body. When used with sodium chloride infusions, this may exacerbate the risk of hypertension or edema. Patients should be monitored for signs of fluid overload and sodium retention.
• ACE Inhibitors: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, such as enalapril, may increase potassium levels in the blood. When used with sodium chloride solutions, careful monitoring of electrolytes is necessary, particularly for the risk of hyperkalemia.
• Other Intravenous Medications: If this infusion is used as a diluent or carrier for other intravenous medications, ensure that the drugs are compatible. Incompatible drugs may precipitate or cause adverse reactions. Always consult compatibility charts for intravenous drug mixtures.

Always inform healthcare providers of all medications being taken, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements, to prevent any potential interactions that could compromise treatment safety or effectiveness.

Dosage of 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

The dosage of 0.45% w/v Sodium Chloride Intravenous Infusion B.P. depends on the patient’s age, clinical condition, and fluid and electrolyte requirements. It is important to follow a healthcare provider's instructions for dosage and infusion rate.

• Adults: The typical dosage for adults ranges from 500ml to 3 liters per day, depending on the degree of dehydration, fluid loss, and clinical needs. The infusion rate is generally between 50ml and 100ml per hour, although this may vary.
• Children: For pediatric patients, the dosage is often calculated based on body weight. The general dosage is between 20-100ml/kg/day, although individual needs may require adjustments depending on the patient's hydration and electrolyte status.
• Neonates: In neonates, the dosage should be determined by the neonatologist. The usual range is approximately 10–15ml/kg/day, with careful monitoring of fluid balance and electrolytes.

During administration, frequent monitoring of the patient’s vital signs, electrolytes, and fluid balance is recommended. The healthcare provider should adjust the infusion rate based on the patient's condition and response to treatment.

Possible side effects of 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

0.45% w/v Sodium Chloride Intravenous Infusion B.P. is generally safe when administered correctly, there are potential side effects that healthcare providers and patients should be aware of.

• Common Side Effects:
  • Local site reactions: Pain, redness, swelling, or irritation at the injection site.
  • Mild fever or chills during infusion.
• Serious Side Effects:
  • Electrolyte imbalance: Excessive use of sodium chloride infusion can lead to hypernatremia (high sodium levels) or other electrolyte disturbances like hypokalemia.
  • Fluid overload: Patients may develop fluid retention, particularly those with underlying heart or kidney conditions, leading to edema and increased blood pressure.
  • Hypervolemia: Excess fluid intake can lead to swelling, respiratory distress, or heart failure, especially in patients with pre-existing heart disease.

Patients receiving this infusion should be monitored closely for these potential side effects. Immediate medical intervention may be required if any serious symptoms occur.

0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P. Contraindications 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

0.45% w/v Sodium Chloride Intravenous Infusion B.P. should not be used in certain conditions due to the risks of worsening the patient’s health. It is contraindicated in the following:

• Severe Renal Impairment: In patients with severe kidney disease or renal failure, sodium may accumulate in the body, increasing the risk of hypernatremia and fluid overload.
• Severe Heart Failure: Patients with severe heart failure or conditions causing fluid retention should avoid sodium chloride infusions, as it may worsen edema and increase heart failure symptoms.
• Hypernatremia: Patients with elevated sodium levels should not receive this solution as it could worsen sodium overload and cause serious complications like seizures, confusion, or coma.
• Edema: Generalized or localized swelling may be aggravated by additional sodium, so careful consideration is needed when treating patients with edema.

Always assess the patient’s medical history and condition before starting the infusion, and only administer it if the benefits outweigh the risks.

Storage of 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

0.45% w/v Sodium Chloride Intravenous Infusion B.P. should be stored under the following conditions to ensure its stability and effectiveness:

• Temperature: Store at room temperature, between 15°C and 25°C (59°F to 77°F). Avoid freezing the solution, as it may damage the integrity of the bag and solution.
• Light Protection: Although not highly sensitive to light, it is recommended to store the infusion in a light-protected environment to ensure product stability.
• Expiry: Always check the expiration date on the packaging before use. Do not use expired solutions.
• Opened Bags: Once the bag is opened, the infusion should be used immediately or discarded in accordance with institutional policies.

Store in a cool, dry place away from excessive heat or moisture to ensure the solution maintains its efficacy.