0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P. Infusion/Solution for

What is 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

0.45% w/v Sodium Chloride Intravenous Infusion B.P. is a sterile, isotonic intravenous solution of sodium chloride (0.45% w/v) in water. It is used primarily to restore electrolyte balance and treat mild dehydration in patients requiring intravenous fluids.

• Form: Intravenous infusion solution.
• Volume: 500ml Plastic Bottle.
• Generic Name: Sodium chloride 0.9% w/v.

The solution contains sodium chloride, a key electrolyte necessary for maintaining fluid balance, nerve function, and muscle contraction. It is especially useful for correcting mild sodium imbalances and for replenishing fluid and electrolytes in patients who have lost fluids due to conditions such as dehydration, burns, or gastrointestinal losses.

The infusion is considered a hypotonic solution, meaning it has a lower concentration of sodium compared to normal body fluids, promoting fluid balance without causing excessive fluid retention or sodium buildup.

It is commonly used in clinical settings for hydration purposes and as a diluent for certain intravenous drugs.

How to use 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

0.45% w/v Sodium Chloride Intravenous Infusion B.P. is administered intravenously by healthcare professionals. The infusion is typically delivered into a vein using a sterile IV set. Proper technique and monitoring are required to avoid complications during administration.

• Preparation: Before use, visually inspect the solution for any signs of particulate matter, discoloration, or leaks. Do not use if the solution is cloudy or contains particles.
• Administration: The solution should be administered via a sterile intravenous infusion set. Connect the IV set to the appropriate IV access site (e.g., vein or catheter) and ensure that aseptic techniques are maintained throughout the procedure.
• Infusion Rate: The rate of infusion should be determined based on the clinical condition of the patient. Typically, it is administered at rates of 50 to 100 ml per hour, but this rate may be adjusted depending on the patient's age, weight, fluid status, and electrolyte levels.
• Monitoring: Monitor the patient's vital signs, including blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory status, along with electrolyte levels during the infusion. This is particularly important in patients with underlying health conditions such as renal or heart disease.
• Co-administration with Other Drugs: If this solution is being used as a diluent for other drugs, ensure compatibility and follow the manufacturer’s guidelines for drug administration.

It is important to adjust the dosage and infusion rate based on the patient's specific medical condition and response to therapy. Always consult with a healthcare professional to ensure the correct procedure and infusion rate are followed.

Mode of Action 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

0.45% w/v Sodium Chloride Intravenous Infusion B.P. works primarily by replenishing sodium and chloride in the body, maintaining electrolyte balance and fluid distribution in the extracellular compartments.

• Sodium’s Role: Sodium is a critical electrolyte that helps maintain normal blood volume, blood pressure, and fluid balance. It also plays a key role in nerve and muscle function.
• Chloride’s Role: Chloride ions help maintain the acid-base balance of the body and play a role in regulating osmotic pressure in body fluids, ensuring that the right amount of fluid stays inside and outside the cells.
• Hypotonic Nature: As a hypotonic solution, 0.45% sodium chloride has a lower concentration of solutes compared to body fluids. When infused, it helps to hydrate body cells by causing fluid to shift into cells from the extracellular space, improving hydration at the cellular level.
• Fluid Distribution: After administration, the solution is distributed primarily in the extracellular space. It helps restore lost fluids without causing the excessive volume increase that isotonic solutions might cause, making it ideal for certain clinical scenarios.

This infusion is primarily used to treat mild dehydration or to help correct electrolyte imbalances in patients. Its effect on fluid distribution makes it beneficial for patients with a need for rehydration without risking excessive sodium retention.

0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P. Interactions 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

0.45% w/v Sodium Chloride Intravenous Infusion B.P. in combination with other medications, it is essential to be aware of potential interactions that may affect the solution’s efficacy or cause adverse effects.

• Diuretics: Diuretic medications (e.g., furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide) can influence sodium and water balance in the body. Co-administration may lead to fluid and electrolyte imbalances, particularly hypokalemia or hypernatremia. Monitoring electrolyte levels is recommended when used together.
• Corticosteroids: Corticosteroids (e.g., prednisone) can affect fluid retention and sodium levels. Patients receiving both sodium chloride infusions and corticosteroids should be monitored for signs of sodium retention, fluid overload, and hypertension.
• Antihypertensive Medications: Sodium chloride infusions may interfere with the effectiveness of certain antihypertensive medications. Close monitoring of blood pressure and electrolyte levels is recommended for patients receiving both therapies.
• Other Intravenous Medications: Before administering other medications through the same IV line, confirm compatibility with sodium chloride. Some drugs may precipitate or cause adverse reactions when mixed with saline solutions.

To ensure the safety and effectiveness of the infusion, always consult compatibility charts for intravenous drugs and carefully monitor the patient's response during combined therapies.

Dosage of 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

The dosage of 0.45% w/v Sodium Chloride Intravenous Infusion B.P. is individualized based on the patient's clinical needs, including their age, weight, and specific medical condition.

• Adults: In adults, the typical dosage ranges from 500ml to 3 liters per day, depending on the degree of dehydration and fluid loss. The infusion rate is generally adjusted based on the patient's needs, usually ranging from 50ml to 100ml per hour.
• Children: For pediatric patients, the infusion rate is generally calculated based on body weight. The usual dosage is 20–100ml/kg/day, but this may vary depending on the severity of dehydration and the clinical condition.
• Neonates: For neonates, careful monitoring is required. Dosages usually range from 10–15ml/kg/day, and the rate should be adjusted according to the infant's fluid balance and electrolyte status.

It is important to monitor the patient's fluid balance, electrolytes, and vital signs during the infusion. Adjustments to the infusion rate should be made based on these parameters. In all cases, the healthcare provider will determine the optimal dose for the patient’s condition.

Possible side effects of 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

0.45% w/v Sodium Chloride Intravenous Infusion B.P. is generally well tolerated, but as with any medication, there are potential side effects that may occur in some patients.

• Common Side Effects:
  • Local site reactions: Pain, redness, swelling, or irritation at the injection site.
  • Fever, chills, or discomfort during administration.
• Serious Side Effects:
  • Electrolyte disturbances such as hypernatremia (high sodium levels), which may result in confusion, seizures, or muscle weakness.
  • Fluid overload, especially in patients with pre-existing kidney or heart conditions, leading to symptoms like shortness of breath, edema, and elevated blood pressure.
  • Allergic reactions, although rare, including rash, itching, or anaphylaxis.

Close monitoring of vital signs, electrolytes, and fluid balance during the infusion helps reduce the risk of these side effects. If any adverse reactions are observed, discontinue the infusion and seek immediate medical attention.

0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P. Contraindications 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

0.45% w/v Sodium Chloride Intravenous Infusion B.P. is generally well tolerated, but as with any medication, there are potential side effects that may occur in some patients.

• Common Side Effects:
  • Local site reactions: Pain, redness, swelling, or irritation at the injection site.
  • Fever, chills, or discomfort during administration.
• Serious Side Effects:
  • Electrolyte disturbances such as hypernatremia (high sodium levels), which may result in confusion, seizures, or muscle weakness.
  • Fluid overload, especially in patients with pre-existing kidney or heart conditions, leading to symptoms like shortness of breath, edema, and elevated blood pressure.
  • Allergic reactions, although rare, including rash, itching, or anaphylaxis.

Close monitoring of vital signs, electrolytes, and fluid balance during the infusion helps reduce the risk of these side effects. If any adverse reactions are observed, discontinue the infusion and seek immediate medical attention.

Storage of 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

0.45% w/v Sodium Chloride Intravenous Infusion B.P. should be stored under controlled conditions to ensure its safety and efficacy.

• Temperature: Store at room temperature, between 15°C and 25°C (59°F to 77°F). Do not freeze the infusion.
• Light Protection: Store the infusion in a light-protected container if possible, though it is not extremely sensitive to light. Protect from direct sunlight to maintain its stability.
• Expiry: Always check the expiration date before use. Do not use the infusion if it has expired.
• Opened Bottles: Once the bottle is opened, it should be used immediately or disposed of per institutional policy. Do not store the solution for reuse.

Store the infusion in a clean, dry area, away from direct heat or sunlight, to maintain its effectiveness and safety.