0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P. Infusion/Solution for

What is 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

0.45% w/v Sodium Chloride Intravenous Infusion B.P. is a sterile, non-pyrogenic solution of sodium chloride in water for injection. This solution is used in medical settings to help restore fluid and electrolyte balance in patients with mild to moderate dehydration or sodium depletion.

• Form: Infusion/Solution for intravenous administration.
• Volume: 100ml Plastic Bag.
• Generic Name: Sodium Chloride 0.9% w/v.

This infusion solution is considered hypotonic, meaning it has a lower concentration of sodium chloride compared to the blood plasma. The infusion is commonly used for patients requiring a gradual restoration of water and electrolyte balance, particularly when isotonic solutions (such as 0.9% sodium chloride) are not suitable.

Indications include:

• Treatment of dehydration or fluid loss with mild sodium depletion.
• Maintenance of fluid balance during surgery or in patients with conditions causing fluid imbalances.
• As a diluent for compatible medications administered intravenously.

Because it is isotonic, it has applications in both adults and pediatric patients, though caution is necessary when used in those with renal or cardiac conditions.

How to use 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

The administration of 0.45% w/v Sodium Chloride Intravenous Infusion B.P. should be performed under the supervision of healthcare professionals. It is an intravenous (IV) infusion intended for gradual administration into the bloodstream.

• Preparation: Inspect the solution for clarity. Ensure the solution is free of visible particles before use. Do not use the infusion if there are any signs of contamination or discoloration.
• Administration: Administer the solution using a sterile IV infusion set. Connect the set to an appropriate intravenous access site. Maintain proper aseptic technique during the process.
• Infusion Rate: The rate of infusion depends on the clinical condition of the patient. The typical rate for fluid replacement is between 50 to 100 ml per hour, but this should be adjusted based on patient needs and response to therapy.
• Monitoring: Continuous monitoring of vital signs, fluid balance, and serum sodium levels is essential. Adjust the infusion rate accordingly to prevent complications like fluid overload or electrolyte imbalances.

If adding medications to the solution:

• Ensure compatibility with sodium chloride.
• Prepare the medication according to the manufacturer’s instructions and administer immediately after dilution.

Always consult with a healthcare provider to determine the exact dosage and infusion rate based on the individual patient’s requirements.

Mode of Action 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

0.45% w/v Sodium Chloride Intravenous Infusion B.P. works primarily by replenishing sodium and chloride ions in the extracellular compartment, helping to restore fluid balance and maintain osmotic pressure in patients experiencing mild dehydration.

• Sodium Chloride's Role: Sodium is a critical electrolyte that helps regulate fluid balance, nerve function, and muscle contraction. Chloride helps maintain acid-base balance and osmotic pressure.
• Hypotonic Solution: The 0.45% sodium chloride solution is hypotonic compared to normal plasma, meaning it has a lower concentration of solutes, which allows water to enter cells and helps in rehydrating body tissues.
• Fluid Distribution: The infusion distributes primarily in the extracellular compartment, including the blood plasma and interstitial spaces. It helps restore normal cellular hydration, particularly in cases where the patient has lost a significant amount of body fluids.

As the solution is hypotonic, it can also help correct mild sodium imbalances and promote the excretion of excess waste products. The use of this infusion helps in improving cellular hydration while preventing the adverse effects of more concentrated saline solutions, which might cause fluid overload or electrolyte disturbances.

0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P. Interactions 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

0.45% w/v Sodium Chloride Intravenous Infusion B.P. in conjunction with other medications, it is crucial to be aware of potential interactions to avoid complications.

• Medications Affecting Fluid Balance: Drugs like corticosteroids, diuretics, or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may alter the body’s fluid balance and sodium levels. Close monitoring of electrolytes is advised.
• Drugs That Impact Sodium Levels: Use of medications such as lithium or ACE inhibitors may influence sodium homeostasis. Careful monitoring of serum sodium levels is recommended during co-administration.
• Drug Compatibility: Before adding any drugs to the sodium chloride infusion, check the compatibility of the drug with sodium chloride. Some drugs may precipitate when mixed with saline solutions, and this could lead to serious adverse effects.

To ensure patient safety, always consult the medication’s prescribing information for possible interactions and use a drug compatibility chart when mixing intravenous medications.

Dosage of 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

The dosage of 0.45% w/v Sodium Chloride Intravenous Infusion B.P. should be tailored based on the patient's clinical status, age, weight, and specific requirements. Healthcare providers will adjust the volume and rate of infusion according to the patient’s hydration and electrolyte needs.

• Adults: The typical dosage ranges from 500 ml to 3 liters per day, depending on the severity of dehydration and sodium depletion. This can be administered at a rate of 50 to 100 ml per hour, adjusted according to clinical needs.
• Children: The dosage in children is usually weight-based, ranging from 20 to 100 ml/kg/day. The specific dosage and rate should be calculated by the treating physician.
• Neonates: Neonates require careful monitoring and dosage adjustments. Typically, the infusion volume is adjusted based on body weight and hydration status, with a recommended rate of 10–15 ml/kg/day.

Important Considerations:

• Monitor vital signs, serum electrolytes, and fluid balance regularly during infusion.
• Adjust the infusion rate to prevent complications such as fluid overload, particularly in patients with renal or cardiac conditions.
• When using as a diluent for other drugs, refer to specific dosage instructions for the added medications.

Always ensure that the dosage and administration are individualized to the patient’s medical condition to achieve optimal therapeutic outcomes.

Possible side effects of 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

Although 0.45% w/v Sodium Chloride Intravenous Infusion B.P. is generally safe, some side effects may occur, especially with inappropriate administration or in susceptible individuals.

• Common Side Effects:
  • Local irritation at the injection site, such as redness, swelling, or pain.
  • Fever, chills, or discomfort during administration.
• Serious Side Effects:
  • Fluid overload, leading to edema or pulmonary congestion, particularly in patients with cardiac or renal impairment.
  • Electrolyte imbalances such as hypernatremia (high sodium) or hyperchloremia (high chloride), which can cause symptoms such as confusion, seizures, or muscle cramps.
  • Hypotension, dizziness, or fainting due to rapid infusion or over-correction of fluid balance.
  • Allergic reactions, though rare, including rash, itching, or anaphylaxis.

Proper monitoring and management during infusion can reduce the risk of these side effects, and any adverse reactions should be reported to a healthcare provider promptly.

0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P. Contraindications 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

0.45% w/v Sodium Chloride Intravenous Infusion B.P. should not be administered in certain situations, as it may cause harm to patients with specific medical conditions.

• Severe Renal Impairment: Patients with severe renal failure should not receive this infusion unless carefully monitored, as the kidneys may not be able to excrete the sodium properly.
• Severe Heart Failure: Patients with severe heart failure or conditions leading to fluid overload are contraindicated, as this solution can exacerbate the problem.
• Hypernatremia: Patients with high sodium levels should not receive sodium chloride infusions, as they may worsen the electrolyte imbalance.
• Edema: Those with generalized or localized edema (fluid retention) due to conditions such as cirrhosis or nephrotic syndrome should avoid this treatment unless under strict supervision.

It is crucial to assess the patient’s condition carefully before starting the infusion, and it should only be used when the benefits outweigh the risks in such contraindicated conditions.

Storage of 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION B.P.

The 0.45% w/v Sodium Chloride Intravenous Infusion B.P. should be stored under specific conditions to maintain its efficacy and safety.

• Storage Temperature: Store the infusion at room temperature, between 15°C and 25°C (59°F to 77°F). Do not freeze the solution.
• Protection from Light: Although it is generally stable, it is advisable to store the solution in a light-protected container to minimize any potential degradation.
• Expiry: Always check the expiration date on the packaging. Do not use the solution if it has expired.
• Storage of Opened Bags: Once opened, the solution should be used immediately or within a limited time, as per hospital policy or manufacturer’s recommendations.

Ensure the storage environment is clean, dry, and free of contaminants to prevent any compromise in the quality of the solution.