0.45% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION, USP [WELLPHARMA] Infusion/Solution for

What is 0.45% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION, USP [WELLPHARMA]

0.45% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP [WELLPHARMA] is a sterile, nonpyrogenic solution intended for intravenous (IV) administration. It contains 0.45 grams of sodium chloride per 100 mL of water and is typically supplied in a 1000 mL flexible plastic bag for hospital or clinical use.

• Classification: It is an isotonic to slightly hypotonic IV fluid categorized as a crystalloid solution.
• Generic Name: Sodium chloride
• Concentration: 0.45% (also known as half-normal saline)
• Primary Use: It is commonly used for fluid and electrolyte replenishment, especially in cases of mild sodium depletion or maintenance therapy in patients unable to consume fluids orally.
• Form: Intravenous infusion (1000 mL bag)
• Manufacturer: Wellpharma

This solution is widely used in medical settings for hydration, dilution of medications, and as a vehicle for other IV drug administration. It is a foundational fluid in IV therapy protocols.

How to use 0.45% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION, USP [WELLPHARMA]

0.45% Sodium Chloride Injection is administered under the supervision of a healthcare professional. It is intended exclusively for intravenous infusion and should not be injected intramuscularly or subcutaneously.

• Preparation: Check the solution bag for clarity and ensure it's free of particulates or discoloration. Do not use if the container is damaged or the solution appears cloudy.
• Administration:
  • Administer using sterile equipment through a controlled IV infusion set.
  • The infusion rate and volume depend on the patient's age, weight, clinical condition, and electrolyte balance.
• Use in combination: Can be used as a diluent for medications or combined with other electrolytes when prescribed.
• Monitoring: Regular monitoring of serum electrolytes and fluid balance is essential during therapy.
• Warnings: Avoid rapid infusion in patients with impaired renal function, heart failure, or fluid overload risk.

Always follow the prescribed dosage and administration guidelines given by a qualified medical professional. Incorrect administration can result in serious complications such as electrolyte imbalances or fluid overload.

Mode of Action 0.45% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION, USP [WELLPHARMA]

The mechanism of action of 0.45% Sodium Chloride Injection is based on its ability to restore fluid and electrolyte balance in the body.

• Sodium (Na+): Sodium is a key extracellular ion that regulates fluid distribution, osmotic pressure, and acid-base balance. It helps maintain nerve and muscle function.
• Chloride (Cl−): Chloride complements sodium in maintaining osmotic balance and assists in the production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach.
• Osmotic Activity: The 0.45% solution is hypotonic relative to blood plasma, which allows it to move water from the extracellular space into cells, hydrating intracellular compartments.
• Rehydration Effect: This solution is commonly used to treat cellular dehydration caused by prolonged vomiting, diarrhea, or diabetes insipidus.

When administered intravenously, the sodium and chloride ions disperse throughout the extracellular space, restoring normal physiological function in cases of sodium depletion or mild dehydration.

0.45% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION, USP [WELLPHARMA] Interactions 0.45% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION, USP [WELLPHARMA]

Although 0.45% Sodium Chloride Injection is primarily used for fluid replacement, it can interact with other drugs and medical conditions when administered intravenously.

• Drug Compatibility:
  • Compatible with many IV medications, including antibiotics and electrolytes.
  • Should not be mixed with blood products unless compatibility is confirmed.
• Medication Interactions:
  • May alter the pharmacokinetics of drugs excreted by the kidneys due to changes in fluid volume.
  • Caution when co-administered with corticosteroids or diuretics due to risk of sodium retention and edema.
• Disease Interactions:
  • Use with caution in patients with renal impairment, heart failure, or hypertension due to risk of fluid overload.
  • Not ideal for patients with hyponatremia unless specifically prescribed.

Healthcare professionals should always assess compatibility when using this solution as a diluent or in combination with other intravenous drugs.

Dosage of 0.45% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION, USP [WELLPHARMA]

The dosage of 0.45% Sodium Chloride Injection depends on the individual patient’s condition, age, weight, and clinical needs. It should always be determined by a healthcare provider.

• Adults:
  • Typical maintenance dose ranges from 500 mL to 3000 mL per 24 hours depending on fluid and electrolyte requirements.
• Pediatrics:
  • Doses must be carefully calculated based on weight (mL/kg) and clinical condition.
• Special Conditions:
  • In renal impairment or congestive heart failure, lower infusion volumes may be required.
• Infusion Rate:
  • Rate should be controlled and monitored to avoid fluid overload or electrolyte imbalance.

It is crucial to monitor electrolytes, particularly sodium levels, throughout therapy to avoid complications such as hyponatremia or hypervolemia.

Possible side effects of 0.45% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION, USP [WELLPHARMA]

While generally well-tolerated when used appropriately, 0.45% Sodium Chloride Injection may cause side effects, particularly when administered in excessive amounts or in patients with underlying health conditions.

• Common Side Effects:
  • Local site reactions such as pain, redness, or swelling at the injection site
  • Mild electrolyte imbalance (especially sodium)
• Serious Side Effects:
  • Fluid overload or pulmonary edema in patients with compromised renal or cardiac function
  • Hyponatremia (low sodium levels) with prolonged or unmonitored use
  • Hyperchloremic acidosis, especially with large volumes or rapid infusion
• Allergic Reactions: Rare but may include rash, itching, or anaphylaxis in hypersensitive individuals

Immediate medical attention is required if signs of fluid overload (e.g., difficulty breathing, swelling, or elevated blood pressure) appear during infusion.

0.45% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION, USP [WELLPHARMA] Contraindications 0.45% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION, USP [WELLPHARMA]

There are specific scenarios in which 0.45% Sodium Chloride Injection should not be used, or used with extreme caution.

• Absolute Contraindications:
  • Patients with known hypersensitivity to sodium chloride
  • Severe hyponatremia (may worsen water retention without correcting sodium deficit)
• Relative Contraindications (Use with Caution):
  • Renal impairment or anuria (risk of sodium retention and fluid overload)
  • Congestive heart failure (risk of exacerbating fluid overload)
  • Edematous conditions such as cirrhosis with ascites

Appropriate laboratory and clinical monitoring should guide therapy in patients with complex comorbidities. Dosage adjustments may be required based on the patient's fluid and electrolyte status.

Storage of 0.45% SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION, USP [WELLPHARMA]

Proper storage of intravenous solutions ensures safety, efficacy, and sterility. 0.45% Sodium Chloride Injection should be stored according to pharmaceutical standards.

• Storage Conditions:
  • Store at controlled room temperature between 20°C and 25°C (68°F to 77°F)
  • Protect from freezing and excessive heat
• Light Sensitivity: Generally not light-sensitive, but it’s advisable to keep it in its outer carton until use
• Container Check: Inspect visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration
• Shelf Life: Follow the manufacturer's expiration date and do not use if the container is compromised
• Disposal: Discard any unused portion appropriately. Do not reuse single-use bags.

Always follow institutional or local guidelines for IV fluid storage and disposal to maintain clinical safety standards.