0.225% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION BP Infusion/Solution for

What is 0.225% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION BP

0.225% w/v Sodium Chloride Intravenous Infusion BP is a hypotonic intravenous (IV) solution used primarily for fluid replacement and electrolyte management. Packaged in a 500ml polypropylene bottle, it contains 0.225 grams of sodium chloride (NaCl) per 100 ml of water for injection. This dilution is often prescribed in pediatric care, mild hydration states, or in conditions requiring minimal sodium supplementation.

• Generic Name: Sodium Chloride 0.225% (not 9% — likely a typo in the generic field).
• Form: Intravenous Infusion Solution.
• Route of Administration: Intravenous (IV) only under medical supervision.
• Class: Electrolyte replenisher / Parenteral fluid therapy agent.

This solution is most frequently utilized in neonates and infants, especially in conjunction with glucose or dextrose-containing solutions to ensure fluid maintenance without sodium overload. It plays an important role in managing mild sodium depletion and serves as a vehicle for the administration of medications that are compatible with hypotonic saline.

How to use 0.225% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION BP

Proper administration of 0.225% w/v Sodium Chloride Intravenous Infusion BP should always be carried out under the guidance of qualified healthcare professionals. The solution is administered intravenously via a sterile IV line, usually in a hospital or clinical setting.

• Inspect the bottle: Ensure the solution is clear and free from particles or discoloration before use.
• Connect IV line: Use aseptic technique when connecting to the IV line to prevent contamination or infection.
• Adjust flow rate: Set the infusion rate as prescribed by the physician, depending on the patient’s fluid and electrolyte requirements.
• Monitor patient: Observe for signs of fluid overload, especially in patients with renal impairment or heart failure.

In many cases, this infusion is used in combination with dextrose or medications such as antibiotics or vitamins. Its hypotonic nature makes it suitable for slow correction of mild hypernatremia or maintenance fluid therapy in children.

Mode of Action 0.225% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION BP

Sodium chloride (NaCl) is essential for maintaining fluid balance, nerve conduction, and muscular function. When administered intravenously, 0.225% sodium chloride acts as a hypotonic solution that hydrates cells while contributing a small amount of sodium and chloride ions to the extracellular fluid.

• Sodium (Na⁺): Helps regulate osmotic pressure and maintains acid-base equilibrium.
• Chloride (Cl⁻): Works with sodium to maintain proper water distribution and pH balance.
• Hypotonic Action: Because this solution has a lower osmolarity than blood plasma, it allows water to move into cells, which is useful for treating cellular dehydration.

The infusion contributes to the maintenance of blood volume and hydration, particularly in cases of mild sodium losses. It does not exert significant volume-expanding effects due to its low sodium concentration, but its hypotonic nature makes it effective for gentle rehydration.

0.225% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION BP Interactions 0.225% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION BP

Although sodium chloride solutions are generally safe, they can interact with other drugs or conditions in ways that require careful monitoring. Drug interactions may enhance or diminish therapeutic effects or increase the risk of adverse events.

• Corticosteroids and Corticotropin: May increase sodium retention and potassium excretion.
• Diuretics: May influence sodium and fluid balance, requiring adjustments in therapy.
• Potassium supplements: Caution is advised when combining with sodium chloride due to risk of electrolyte imbalance.
• Antihypertensives: Sodium chloride may reduce the efficacy of certain antihypertensive agents.

It's essential to evaluate all concurrent medications and underlying medical conditions before administering this infusion. Regular monitoring of serum electrolytes is necessary, especially in patients with cardiac, renal, or hepatic dysfunction.

Dosage of 0.225% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION BP

The dosage of 0.225% Sodium Chloride Intravenous Infusion BP varies based on age, weight, clinical condition, and the presence of electrolyte imbalances. It is especially important to tailor the dose in neonates and pediatric patients.

• Adults: Rarely used; may be combined with dextrose in specific conditions such as hypernatremia.
• Pediatrics/Neonates: Often used as maintenance fluid at 4–6 mL/kg/hour, depending on clinical judgment.
• Infusion rate: Adjusted based on patient’s fluid and electrolyte needs; may require slowing in renal or cardiac impairment.

Always follow physician guidance and local protocols when calculating maintenance and replacement fluid volumes. Over-infusion may lead to hyponatremia or fluid overload, requiring immediate medical attention.

Possible side effects of 0.225% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION BP

While generally well tolerated, 0.225% Sodium Chloride Intravenous Infusion BP can occasionally cause adverse effects, particularly if not administered appropriately. The most common risks are linked to fluid and electrolyte disturbances.

• Electrolyte Imbalances: Hypo- or hypernatremia may result from improper infusion rates or prolonged use.
• Fluid Overload: May lead to edema, hypertension, or pulmonary congestion, especially in patients with compromised renal function.
• Injection Site Reactions: Includes pain, redness, or phlebitis at the IV site.
• Hyponatremia Symptoms: Nausea, headache, confusion, and in severe cases, seizures or coma.

Any unusual symptoms during administration should prompt immediate medical review. Routine lab monitoring helps in early detection and management of adverse reactions.

0.225% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION BP Contraindications 0.225% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION BP

Although 0.225% sodium chloride is relatively safe when used appropriately, it is contraindicated in certain clinical scenarios where the risks outweigh the benefits.

• Severe Sodium Retention Conditions: Such as congestive heart failure, severe renal impairment, or preeclampsia.
• Hyponatremia with Seizures: Hypotonic solutions may worsen sodium deficit if used incorrectly.
• Volume Overload States: Should be avoided in cases of pulmonary edema or ascites due to fluid accumulation.
• Incompatibility: Do not co-administer with drugs that are chemically or physically incompatible with sodium chloride.

Assessment of individual patient risk is essential. Physicians must evaluate fluid status, sodium levels, and underlying comorbidities before initiation.

Storage of 0.225% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION BP

Proper storage of 0.225% Sodium Chloride IV Infusion is critical to maintaining its sterility, potency, and safety.

• Temperature: Store below 25°C (77°F); avoid freezing.
• Light: Protect from direct sunlight and prolonged exposure to UV rays.
• Packaging Integrity: Do not use if the bottle is leaking, the solution is discolored, or if particulate matter is visible.
• After opening: Use immediately. Discard any unused portion to avoid contamination.

Ensure proper inventory rotation (first-in, first-out) and always check expiration dates before use. Only trained personnel should handle and administer the solution in sterile environments.