(BAXTER) Sodium Chloride 0.9% w/v (Viaflo Bag) Intravenous Infusion

What is (BAXTER) Sodium Chloride 0.9% w/v (Viaflo Bag)

(BAXTER) Sodium Chloride 0.9% w/v (Viaflo Bag) is a sterile, non-pyrogenic intravenous solution containing 9 grams of sodium chloride per liter, equivalent to 154 mEq/L of sodium and chloride ions. This isotonic solution, with an osmolarity of approximately 308 mOsm/L and a pH ranging from 4.5 to 7.0, is designed for parenteral administration. It serves multiple clinical purposes, including:

• Replenishing extracellular fluid losses due to dehydration or blood loss.
• Restoring and maintaining sodium and chloride ion concentrations.
• Serving as a vehicle for the administration of compatible intravenous medications.
• Aiding in the treatment of metabolic alkalosis in the presence of fluid loss.
• Facilitating the excretion of toxins in cases of poisoning.

Manufactured by Baxter Healthcare Ltd, the Viaflo Bag is composed of polyolefin/polyamide co-extruded plastic (PL-2442) and is overwrapped with a protective plastic pouch to maintain sterility. The 1000 mL bag is commonly supplied in cartons containing 10 units.

How to use (BAXTER) Sodium Chloride 0.9% w/v (Viaflo Bag)

Administration of this solution should be conducted under the supervision of a healthcare professional, adhering to aseptic techniques. Key steps include:

• Inspect the solution for clarity and absence of particulates; do not use if discolored or if the container is compromised.
• Remove the protective overwrap just before use to maintain sterility.
• Connect the bag to a sterile administration set, ensuring the equipment is primed to prevent air embolism.
• Administer intravenously, adjusting the flow rate based on the patient's clinical condition, age, and fluid requirements.
• If additives are required, introduce them through the re-sealable medication port using aseptic techniques, ensuring compatibility and stability.
• Discard any unused portion after single use; do not reconnect partially used bags.

Monitoring of fluid balance, electrolyte concentrations, and acid-base status is essential during prolonged administration. Special caution should be exercised in patients with conditions that may predispose them to sodium retention or fluid overload.

Mode of Action (BAXTER) Sodium Chloride 0.9% w/v (Viaflo Bag)

Sodium chloride dissociates completely in aqueous solution to provide sodium (Na⁺) and chloride (Cl⁻) ions. These ions are principal electrolytes of the extracellular fluid and play a pivotal role in maintaining:

• Osmotic equilibrium and water distribution.
• Acid-base balance.
• Normal neuromuscular function.
• Renal function.

The isotonic nature of the 0.9% sodium chloride solution ensures that it does not cause significant shifts in fluid compartments, making it effective for expanding plasma volume and correcting extracellular fluid deficits. By restoring sodium and chloride levels, it aids in correcting electrolyte imbalances and supports physiological homeostasis.

(BAXTER) Sodium Chloride 0.9% w/v (Viaflo Bag) Interactions (BAXTER) Sodium Chloride 0.9% w/v (Viaflo Bag)

While sodium chloride 0.9% solution is generally considered safe, it may interact with certain medications, necessitating careful consideration:

• Diuretics: Concurrent use may affect electrolyte balance, requiring monitoring of serum sodium levels.
• Corticosteroids and Corticotropin: May lead to sodium and fluid retention, increasing the risk of edema and hypertension.
• Lithium: Sodium levels influence lithium excretion; alterations in sodium intake can affect lithium concentrations.
• Antihypertensive Agents: Volume expansion from sodium chloride infusion may counteract the effects of these medications.
• Drugs Affecting Vasopressin Activity: Agents like desmopressin or certain antidepressants may increase the risk of hyponatremia when combined with hypotonic fluids; caution is advised even with isotonic solutions.

Prior to adding any medication to the sodium chloride solution, compatibility and stability should be confirmed to prevent adverse reactions or reduced efficacy.

Dosage of (BAXTER) Sodium Chloride 0.9% w/v (Viaflo Bag)

Dosage should be individualized based on the patient's age, weight, clinical condition, and laboratory determinations. General guidelines include:

• Adults: 500 mL to 3 liters per 24 hours, depending on fluid and electrolyte requirements.
• Children: 20 to 100 mL per kg body weight per 24 hours, adjusted according to age and clinical condition.
• As a Diluent: 50 to 250 mL per dose of the medication to be administered.

Infusion rates should be carefully controlled to avoid fluid overload, particularly in patients with compromised cardiac or renal function. Continuous monitoring of vital signs, fluid balance, and electrolyte levels is essential during therapy.

Possible side effects of (BAXTER) Sodium Chloride 0.9% w/v (Viaflo Bag)

While generally well-tolerated, potential side effects may include:

• Local Reactions: Pain, redness, or swelling at the infusion site.
• Electrolyte Imbalances: Hypernatremia or fluid overload, especially in patients with renal impairment.
• Cardiovascular Effects: Hypertension, tachycardia, or peripheral edema.
• Gastrointestinal Symptoms: Nausea or vomiting.
• Neurological Symptoms: Headache, dizziness, or restlessness.
• Hypersensitivity Reactions: Rare cases of rash, pruritus, or fever.

In the event of adverse reactions, discontinue the infusion immediately and initiate appropriate medical intervention.

(BAXTER) Sodium Chloride 0.9% w/v (Viaflo Bag) Contraindications (BAXTER) Sodium Chloride 0.9% w/v (Viaflo Bag)

The use of this solution is contraindicated in patients with:

• Hypernatremia: Elevated sodium levels in the blood.
• Fluid Retention States: Conditions like congestive heart failure or pulmonary edema.
• Severe Renal Impairment: Where sodium excretion is significantly compromised.
• Uncontrolled Hypertension: Due to the risk of exacerbating high blood pressure.
• Conditions Requiring Sodium Restriction: Such as certain liver diseases or preeclampsia.

Careful assessment of the patient's clinical status and electrolyte levels is essential before initiating therapy.

Storage of (BAXTER) Sodium Chloride 0.9% w/v (Viaflo Bag)

Proper storage of (BAXTER) Sodium Chloride 0.9% w/v is critical to maintain sterility, efficacy, and safety. It should be stored under regulated conditions and checked prior to use.

• Temperature: Store below 25°C (77°F); avoid freezing.
• Light Protection: No special light protection is needed, but direct sunlight should be avoided.
• Packaging Integrity:
  • Inspect the Viaflo bag for any leaks or damage before use.
  • Do not use if the solution is cloudy, discolored, or contains particles.
• Post-Opening:
  • Use immediately after opening the bag.
  • Discard any unused portion to avoid microbial contamination.

Keep the bags in their outer carton until use to protect from potential contamination. Follow hospital guidelines for sterile storage and disposal.