(BAXTER) Sodium Chloride 0.9% w/v & Glucose 5% Solution for infusion

What is (BAXTER) Sodium Chloride 0.9% w/v & Glucose 5%

(BAXTER) Sodium Chloride 0.9% w/v & Glucose 5% is a sterile, non-pyrogenic intravenous solution used for fluid and electrolyte replenishment. It combines isotonic saline with glucose monohydrate to provide both hydration and an energy source. This solution is available in Viaflo bags, with each bag containing 1000ml of the infusion, and is typically used in clinical settings such as hospitals and emergency care.

• Contents: Each 1000 ml contains 0.9% w/v sodium chloride and 5% w/v glucose monohydrate in water for injection.
• Form: Clear, colorless solution free from particles, provided in flexible Viaflo infusion bags.
• Primary Use: Fluid replacement in cases of dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, or as a vehicle for drug delivery.
• Energy Source: Glucose provides immediate calories and helps prevent ketosis during periods of fasting or illness.
• Electrolyte Balance: Sodium chloride restores and maintains sodium and chloride ions necessary for cellular function and hydration.

This combination is especially valuable in post-operative care, gastroenteritis, fever, or prolonged fasting where both hydration and energy are necessary. It can also be used to dilute medications for intravenous administration.

How to use (BAXTER) Sodium Chloride 0.9% w/v & Glucose 5%

This solution must be administered under the supervision of a qualified healthcare professional. It is intended strictly for intravenous use and is typically infused using a sterile giving set and aseptic technique.

• Route of Administration: Intravenous infusion, either through peripheral or central veins depending on clinical condition and osmolarity tolerance.
• Preparation: Inspect the bag for clarity, leaks, or particulate matter before administration. Do not use if discolored or cloudy.
• Infusion Rate: Should be tailored based on the patient's age, weight, clinical status, and electrolyte/energy requirements.
• Monitoring: Regular monitoring of blood glucose, electrolytes, and fluid status is critical, especially during prolonged use or in critically ill patients.
• Duration: Short-term use is common. In long-term therapy, comprehensive nutritional and electrolyte assessment is needed.

Avoid using additives unless they are known to be compatible. Discontinue immediately if signs of hypersensitivity, fluid overload, or electrolyte disturbances are observed. Maintain aseptic conditions throughout the infusion period to prevent infection.

Mode of Action (BAXTER) Sodium Chloride 0.9% w/v & Glucose 5%

This dual-component solution works by replenishing fluid, electrolytes, and providing immediate metabolic energy. Each ingredient has a distinct pharmacological function:

• Glucose Monohydrate: Metabolized through glycolysis into carbon dioxide and water, supplying 4 kcal/g. It spares body proteins and prevents ketone production during periods of fasting or catabolism.
• Sodium Chloride: Dissociates into sodium and chloride ions. Sodium is the main extracellular cation involved in maintaining osmotic pressure, nerve conduction, and muscle function. Chloride balances acid-base status and osmolarity.
• Combined Effect: Together, the components restore plasma volume, maintain osmotic balance, and meet basal caloric needs. The isotonicity of the solution reduces the risk of hemolysis or vein irritation.
• Cellular Impact: Glucose facilitates uptake into cells via insulin pathways, enhancing energy supply for metabolic processes. Sodium ensures proper extracellular volume and organ perfusion.

The solution’s isotonic nature allows it to be used safely for hydration without rapid shifts in intracellular or extracellular compartments. It also serves as a reliable medium for diluting and administering intravenous drugs or electrolytes.

(BAXTER) Sodium Chloride 0.9% w/v & Glucose 5% Interactions (BAXTER) Sodium Chloride 0.9% w/v & Glucose 5%

Although generally safe, this infusion can interact with several drugs and medical conditions. These interactions must be carefully considered by the prescribing clinician.

• Insulin: Co-administration may be required to counter hyperglycemia caused by glucose. Insulin enhances cellular glucose uptake.
• Corticosteroids and Diuretics: These can alter sodium balance and potentiate sodium retention, increasing the risk of fluid overload.
• Potassium-Sparing Agents: Care is needed if additives like potassium chloride are used, as it can shift electrolyte balances significantly.
• ACE Inhibitors or ARBs: May affect renal sodium handling, increasing the risk of hypernatremia or volume overload.
• Drugs that Affect Blood Sugar: Beta-blockers, quinolones, or other antidiabetic medications may require dose adjustment due to altered glucose levels from the infusion.

Always assess the patient's medication profile and renal/cardiac status prior to initiating this therapy. Avoid combining with drugs known to be incompatible with glucose or sodium chloride solutions.

Dosage of (BAXTER) Sodium Chloride 0.9% w/v & Glucose 5%

Dosage must be tailored to the individual’s fluid, electrolyte, and caloric needs. General guidelines are as follows:

• Adults: Typically 500 ml to 3000 ml per day, depending on hydration status and energy requirements.
• Children: 20–100 ml/kg/day. Pediatric dosing must be carefully calculated based on body weight and clinical needs.
• Elderly: Use with caution. Start at lower volumes and monitor for signs of fluid overload or cardiac stress.
• Renal Impairment: Dosage should be reduced to prevent fluid retention or electrolyte disturbances. Monitor urea, creatinine, and fluid output.

Infusion rates typically range from 1–2 ml/kg/hour but may be increased under close supervision in cases of severe dehydration or calorie deficit. Always monitor clinical response and adjust accordingly.

Possible side effects of (BAXTER) Sodium Chloride 0.9% w/v & Glucose 5%

Although well tolerated, side effects can occur, particularly with incorrect dosing or prolonged use. Common and rare adverse effects include:

• Local Reactions: Phlebitis, pain at injection site, redness, or swelling due to vein irritation.
• Metabolic Effects: Hyperglycemia, especially in diabetic or insulin-resistant patients. Rarely, hypoglycemia if insulin is co-administered improperly.
• Fluid Overload: Pulmonary edema, hypertension, peripheral edema, and dyspnea, especially in cardiac or renal-compromised patients.
• Electrolyte Imbalances: Hypernatremia, dilutional hyponatremia, or acid-base disturbances with prolonged use.
• Allergic Reactions: Extremely rare, but hypersensitivity may include rash, urticaria, or anaphylactic symptoms.

Patients should be regularly assessed during therapy, and the infusion should be discontinued if serious side effects develop. Vital signs, blood chemistry, and fluid balance should be closely monitored.

(BAXTER) Sodium Chloride 0.9% w/v & Glucose 5% Contraindications (BAXTER) Sodium Chloride 0.9% w/v & Glucose 5%

This infusion solution should not be used in certain clinical conditions, where its components or their effects could be harmful:

• Hypersensitivity: Known allergy to glucose or sodium chloride.
• Hyperglycemia: Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, or glucose intolerance.
• Hypernatremia: Existing sodium overload, dehydration with hypernatremia, or salt-sensitive hypertension.
• Renal Failure: Particularly anuric or oliguric states where fluid cannot be excreted efficiently.
• Pulmonary Edema or CHF: Risk of exacerbating fluid overload.

Thorough assessment of renal, cardiac, and metabolic function is necessary before starting therapy. Use is contraindicated in patients at risk of volume overload or severe electrolyte imbalances.

Storage of (BAXTER) Sodium Chloride 0.9% w/v & Glucose 5%

Proper storage ensures the stability, sterility, and effectiveness of the infusion solution:

• Temperature: Store at 15°C to 25°C (59°F to 77°F). Avoid freezing and direct sunlight exposure.
• Packaging Integrity: Do not use if the Viaflo bag is damaged, leaking, or if the solution is cloudy or contains particulates.
• Shelf Life: Check expiration date on each individual bag before use. Do not use expired products.
• After Opening: Infuse immediately once the bag is opened. Discard any unused portion to prevent contamination.
• Storage Area: Keep in a clean, dry place, preferably in a medication storage cabinet or intravenous preparation area.

Follow institutional and manufacturer-specific guidelines for storage and disposal. Proper storage helps maintain efficacy and minimizes risk of patient harm from degraded or contaminated products.