DEXTROSE 50% w/v B.P. Infusion/Solution for

What is DEXTROSE 50% w/v B.P.

DEXTROSE 50% w/v B.P. is a sterile, concentrated intravenous (IV) solution containing 50% dextrose (glucose) in water. It is primarily used in emergency settings to treat severe hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), provide a rapid source of energy, and manage certain metabolic disturbances. Dextrose is a naturally occurring form of glucose, a vital energy source for body cells, especially in the brain.

• Generic Name: Dextrose 50%
• Form: Intravenous Infusion Solution
• Package Size: 500ml Plastic Bottle
• Main Uses:
  • Rapid correction of severe hypoglycemia
  • Emergency energy supply in critical care
  • Management of hyperkalemia (with insulin therapy)
  • Support during parenteral nutrition if indicated

This hypertonic solution demands careful administration due to its strong osmotic properties.

How to use DEXTROSE 50% w/v B.P.

DEXTROSE 50% w/v B.P. should be used under the guidance of qualified healthcare professionals, typically in emergency or critical care settings.

• Route of Administration: Intravenous injection or infusion, preferably via a central vein to minimize the risk of vein irritation or damage.
• Preparation Steps:
  • Inspect the solution for clarity and absence of particles before use.
  • Do not use if the solution is cloudy, discolored, or if the container is damaged.
• Infusion Guidelines:
  • Administer slowly to prevent hyperglycemia and osmotic diuresis.
  • For hypoglycemia: Typically given as a bolus injection followed by continuous infusion if needed.
  • Use infusion pumps when appropriate to control the rate accurately.
• Monitoring:
  • Frequent blood glucose checks during and after administration.
  • Monitor for fluid overload, electrolyte imbalances, and vein condition at the infusion site.

Strict aseptic techniques are essential throughout the administration process to avoid infection risks.

Mode of Action DEXTROSE 50% w/v B.P.

DEXTROSE 50% w/v B.P. acts swiftly through the following mechanisms:

• Rapid Energy Supply:
  • Upon intravenous administration, dextrose is immediately available to cells for metabolism, producing ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the body’s primary energy currency.
• Restoration of Blood Glucose:
  • In hypoglycemic states, it rapidly elevates blood glucose levels, alleviating neurological symptoms like confusion, seizures, or coma.
• Osmotic Effects:
  • Due to its high concentration, Dextrose 50% draws water into the vascular compartment, which can help temporarily in certain shock states but must be monitored carefully to avoid fluid overload.

Its quick onset of action makes it indispensable in life-threatening low blood sugar emergencies.

DEXTROSE 50% w/v B.P. Interactions DEXTROSE 50% w/v B.P.

When using DEXTROSE 50% w/v B.P., interactions with other drugs or clinical conditions must be considered:

• Insulin: Often co-administered to manage hyperkalemia; needs careful glucose monitoring to avoid swings in blood sugar levels.
• Diuretics: May lead to enhanced fluid loss, requiring monitoring of hydration and electrolytes.
• Corticosteroids: May cause elevated blood glucose levels, necessitating dosage adjustments.
• Heart Medications: Caution in patients on digoxin or diuretics, as fluid shifts can influence cardiac function.
• Other Electrolyte Solutions: Ensure compatibility when mixed or infused concurrently.

Medical teams must evaluate the complete medication profile and underlying conditions before Dextrose 50% administration.

Dosage of DEXTROSE 50% w/v B.P.

The dosage of DEXTROSE 50% w/v B.P. should be carefully individualized based on patient needs and clinical status:

• Adults:
  • Commonly, 25 to 50 ml administered intravenously as a bolus for severe hypoglycemia.
  • May be followed by a slower infusion depending on blood glucose monitoring.
• Children:
  • Dosage must be calculated precisely according to body weight (e.g., 0.5-1g/kg) to prevent hyperglycemia or osmotic complications.
• Elderly:
  • Use with caution; start with lower doses and monitor closely to avoid fluid overload or worsening comorbidities.

Frequent blood sugar checks are crucial post-administration to guide further management and prevent rebound hypoglycemia.

Possible side effects of DEXTROSE 50% w/v B.P.

While generally safe under appropriate conditions, DEXTROSE 50% w/v B.P. can cause several side effects:

• Common Side Effects:
  • Hyperglycemia (elevated blood sugar)
  • Phlebitis or local irritation at the infusion site
• Serious Side Effects:
  • Osmotic diuresis leading to dehydration
  • Electrolyte imbalances (e.g., hypokalemia, hyponatremia)
  • Fluid overload, particularly in patients with heart or kidney disease
• Rare Reactions:
  • Allergic reactions (rash, itching, breathing difficulties)

Prompt medical attention is required if severe reactions or signs of overdose (e.g., confusion, drowsiness, swelling) occur.

DEXTROSE 50% w/v B.P. Contraindications DEXTROSE 50% w/v B.P.

DEXTROSE 50% w/v B.P. should not be used in certain patients without specialized medical oversight:

• Severe Hyperglycemia: Worsening of elevated blood sugar levels.
• Dehydration with Electrolyte Imbalance: Dextrose alone may exacerbate imbalances.
• Diabetes Mellitus (Uncontrolled): Risk of severe hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis.
• Fluid Overload Conditions: Congestive heart failure or severe renal impairment.
• Known Allergy to Corn or Corn Products: As dextrose is often derived from corn sources.

Careful risk-benefit assessment is essential before initiating therapy in sensitive individuals.

Storage of DEXTROSE 50% w/v B.P.

Proper storage of DEXTROSE 50% w/v B.P. ensures safety and efficacy:

• Temperature: Store at controlled room temperature, 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F).
• Light Protection: Keep in original packaging and away from direct sunlight.
• Inspect Before Use: Discard if solution appears cloudy, discolored, or contains precipitates.
• Post-Opening: Use immediately; do not reuse or store opened containers to avoid microbial contamination.

Correct storage practices preserve the integrity of the solution and prevent patient risk.