DEXTROSE 5% w/v B.P. Infusion/Solution for

What is DEXTROSE 5% w/v B.P.

DEXTROSE 5% w/v B.P. is a sterile, non-pyrogenic intravenous (IV) solution that contains 5% dextrose (glucose) in water. It is widely used for fluid replenishment and as a source of simple carbohydrates for energy. Dextrose is the naturally occurring form of glucose, essential for cellular metabolism and vital body functions.

• Generic Name: Dextrose 5%
• Form: Infusion Solution (for intravenous use)
• Packaging Size: 500ml Plastic Bottle
• Primary Uses:
  • Provide hydration and maintain fluid balance
  • Supply calories for energy in patients unable to eat normally
  • Serve as a carrier for administering other IV medications

Due to its composition, DEXTROSE 5% acts as an isotonic solution initially but becomes hypotonic after the body metabolizes the glucose.

How to use DEXTROSE 5% w/v B.P.

DEXTROSE 5% w/v B.P. must be administered under the supervision of trained healthcare professionals. Its usage should be tailored based on individual patient needs and ongoing monitoring.

• Route of Administration: Intravenous infusion via peripheral or central venous access.
• Preparation Steps:
  • Check the solution for clarity and container integrity before administration.
  • Do not use if the solution is discolored, cloudy, or contains particulate matter.
• Infusion Guidelines:
  • Infuse slowly at rates appropriate for the patient's clinical condition.
  • Adjust rate depending on fluid requirements, glucose tolerance, and ongoing losses.
• Precautions:
  • Monitor blood glucose levels during therapy, especially in diabetic patients.
  • Observe for signs of fluid overload, especially in patients with cardiac, renal, or hepatic impairment.

Proper aseptic techniques must always be observed to reduce the risk of contamination or infection during infusion.

Mode of Action DEXTROSE 5% w/v B.P.

DEXTROSE 5% w/v B.P. functions through two primary mechanisms involving glucose and water:

• Glucose Metabolism:
  • Dextrose serves as an immediate energy source. Once infused, it is readily absorbed and utilized in metabolic processes, providing ATP for cellular activities.
• Hydration Support:
  • The solution initially behaves as an isotonic fluid, maintaining extracellular fluid balance.
  • After glucose metabolism, the free water component distributes across the body's compartments, hydrating tissues at the cellular level.

This dual role helps correct dehydration, offer nutritional support, and maintain overall fluid homeostasis, making it vital in various clinical scenarios.

DEXTROSE 5% w/v B.P. Interactions DEXTROSE 5% w/v B.P.

When administering DEXTROSE 5% w/v B.P., potential interactions must be considered, especially in patients receiving concurrent therapies:

• Insulin: May require dose adjustments to manage blood glucose levels, as dextrose can cause hyperglycemia.
• Electrolyte Solutions: Compatibility should be checked before mixing with potassium chloride, magnesium sulfate, or other electrolytes.
• Diuretics: Co-administration can affect fluid and electrolyte balance, necessitating close monitoring.
• Medications for Heart Failure: Fluid management is critical to avoid exacerbating conditions like pulmonary edema.
• Antibiotics and Other IV Drugs: Always confirm compatibility to prevent precipitation or inactivation when mixed in the same IV line.

Healthcare providers should review all ongoing medications before initiating therapy with DEXTROSE 5% to prevent potential adverse effects or diminished therapeutic efficacy.

Dosage of DEXTROSE 5% w/v B.P.

The dosage of DEXTROSE 5% w/v B.P. should be individualized based on the patient's age, weight, clinical condition, and fluid/electrolyte balance:

• Adults:
  • Typical infusion rates: 30 to 100 ml/hour depending on hydration needs and glucose metabolism.
  • Higher rates may be indicated during acute fluid resuscitation, monitored closely for tolerance.
• Pediatrics:
  • Dose calculated based on weight, often following pediatric maintenance fluid requirements (e.g., 100 ml/kg/day for the first 10 kg).
• Elderly:
  • Start cautiously, with lower rates to avoid risk of heart failure or electrolyte disturbances.

Regular monitoring of serum electrolytes, blood glucose, and patient hydration status is crucial to adjust dosing appropriately and prevent complications.

Possible side effects of DEXTROSE 5% w/v B.P.

DEXTROSE 5% w/v B.P. is generally safe but can cause adverse effects under certain conditions or if misused:

• Common Side Effects:
  • Hyperglycemia, especially in patients with impaired glucose tolerance
  • Local vein irritation, pain, or phlebitis at the infusion site
• Serious Side Effects:
  • Fluid overload leading to edema or pulmonary congestion
  • Electrolyte disturbances (e.g., hyponatremia, hypokalemia)
  • Acid-base imbalances (e.g., metabolic acidosis or alkalosis)
• Rare Side Effects:
  • Allergic reactions such as rash, itching, or breathing difficulty

Immediate medical attention is necessary if signs of fluid overload, severe hyperglycemia, or an allergic reaction occur.

DEXTROSE 5% w/v B.P. Contraindications DEXTROSE 5% w/v B.P.

DEXTROSE 5% w/v B.P. should not be used in certain situations where it may cause harm:

• Severe Hyperglycemia: Use is contraindicated without appropriate insulin management.
• Diabetes Mellitus (Poorly Controlled): Risk of exacerbating hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis.
• Fluid Overload States: Such as congestive heart failure or pulmonary edema.
• Severe Renal Impairment: Risk of fluid retention and electrolyte imbalance.
• Intracranial or Intraspinal Hemorrhage: Hypotonic solutions may worsen cerebral edema.
• Known Allergy to Corn Products: As dextrose is often derived from corn.

Careful patient evaluation and appropriate clinical judgment are required to avoid serious complications.

Storage of DEXTROSE 5% w/v B.P.

Proper storage is crucial to maintain the sterility and effectiveness of DEXTROSE 5% w/v B.P.:

• Temperature: Store at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F); excursions permitted to 15°C–30°C.
• Protection from Light: Store in original packaging until use; protect from freezing.
• Inspection Before Use: Discard if the solution is discolored, cloudy, or contains particulate matter.
• After Opening: Use immediately; discard any unused portion to prevent contamination.

Following these storage guidelines helps ensure safe and effective treatment for patients requiring DEXTROSE 5% therapy.