5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Infusion/Solution for

What is 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

5% w/v Dextrose & 0.9% w/v Sodium Chloride Injection USP is a sterile, non-pyrogenic solution used for intravenous infusion. It combines two essential components:

• Dextrose (anhydrous) – a form of glucose, which provides calories and fluid for energy and hydration.
• Sodium Chloride – commonly known as salt, this component helps maintain fluid balance and electrolyte levels in the body.

This combination is particularly beneficial in clinical situations requiring fluid replacement, caloric supplementation, and electrolyte management. It is available in a 1000ml plastic bag designed for use with an IV set, usually administered under the supervision of a healthcare professional.

Key uses include:

• Correction of fluid and electrolyte imbalances
• Treatment of dehydration from various causes
• As a carrier solution for compatible intravenous medications
• In perioperative fluid therapy and maintenance of hydration

This solution is part of a class of intravenous fluids known as crystalloid solutions and is widely used in hospital and clinical settings for adults and pediatric patients as appropriate.

How to use 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

This intravenous solution is to be administered only under the guidance of a trained medical professional. It is delivered directly into a vein using an infusion set, ensuring controlled and accurate administration.

• Route: Intravenous infusion (IV)
• Administration rate: Depends on the individual patient’s fluid and electrolyte needs, underlying condition, age, weight, and renal function.
• Use of infusion pump: Often recommended to ensure accurate flow rate

Steps for use:

1. Inspect the plastic bag for leaks, discoloration, or particulate matter before use.
2. Connect the solution to an appropriate IV line using aseptic techniques.
3. Adjust the infusion rate based on the physician’s prescription.
4. Monitor patient closely for any signs of fluid overload, electrolyte imbalances, or adverse reactions.

Important Notes:

• This product is for single-use only. Discard any unused portion.
• Should not be used simultaneously with blood transfusions through the same IV line.
• Do not mix with other drugs unless compatibility is known.

Mode of Action 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

This solution acts by simultaneously addressing caloric needs and electrolyte/fluid imbalances.

• Dextrose (5% w/v):
  • Provides immediate energy source upon metabolism into glucose
  • Spare body proteins and prevent ketosis
  • Promotes glycogen storage in liver and muscles
• Sodium Chloride (0.9% w/v):
  • Replaces lost sodium and chloride ions essential for nerve and muscle function
  • Restores extracellular fluid volume
  • Maintains acid-base and osmotic balance

The combined formulation supports hydration, energy metabolism, and electrolyte stability. Once infused, the dextrose is quickly metabolized, while sodium and chloride distribute within the extracellular compartment. The result is the dual benefit of volume expansion and nutritional support.

5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Interactions 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

Though generally considered safe, interactions can occur when used with certain drugs or in specific clinical scenarios.

• Corticosteroids & Corticotropin: May increase sodium and fluid retention, exacerbating risk of edema or hypertension.
• Diuretics: Particularly thiazide and loop diuretics may alter fluid and electrolyte balance, potentially causing hypokalemia or hypernatremia.
• Insulin: Co-administration with dextrose may necessitate adjustments in insulin dosing due to altered glucose metabolism.
• Cardiac Glycosides (e.g., Digoxin): Changes in electrolyte levels (especially potassium or magnesium) may increase the risk of toxicity.
• Calcium-containing IVs: Should not be mixed with phosphate-containing solutions due to precipitation risks.
• Other Electrolyte Solutions: Concomitant use can result in imbalances if not properly monitored.

Always review the patient’s current medication regimen and medical history before administration. Adjustments should be made as necessary based on laboratory parameters and clinical judgment.

Dosage of 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

Dosage is individualized based on the patient’s fluid and electrolyte status, age, body weight, and clinical condition. It is usually prescribed by a physician and administered in a controlled healthcare setting.

• Adults:
  • Typical maintenance: 30–40 mL/kg/day
  • Rate: 1.5–2.5 liters/day or as needed
• Children:
  • Dosage adjusted according to body weight (100–150 mL/kg/day)
  • Careful monitoring is crucial to avoid fluid overload
• Elderly:
  • Lower volumes often required due to decreased renal clearance

Important considerations:

• Adjust dose based on lab tests (electrolytes, glucose, renal function)
• Infusion rates must not exceed the patient’s renal or cardiac capacity
• Continuous clinical monitoring is necessary in critically ill patients

Possible side effects of 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

p> Although generally well tolerated, this solution may cause side effects, especially in patients with underlying health conditions or when administered inappropriately.

• Common Side Effects:
  • Localized pain or swelling at the injection site
  • Mild hyperglycemia, especially in diabetic patients
  • Thirst or mild edema
• Serious Side Effects:
  • Fluid overload (pulmonary edema, hypertension)
  • Electrolyte disturbances: hypernatremia, hyperchloremia
  • Hyponatremia if excessive free water is administered
  • Phlebitis or thrombosis at the infusion site
  • Allergic reactions (rare): rash, itching, fever

If any adverse effects are observed, infusion should be slowed or discontinued, and medical evaluation should be undertaken promptly.

5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Contraindications 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

This solution should not be used in patients with conditions where the administration of sodium, dextrose, or water may be harmful.

• Hypernatremia or Hyperchloremia: May worsen electrolyte disturbances.
• Severe renal impairment: Risk of fluid retention and electrolyte accumulation.
• Congestive heart failure or pulmonary edema: Can exacerbate fluid overload.
• Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus: May increase blood glucose levels.
• Known hypersensitivity: Although rare, hypersensitivity to components warrants discontinuation.
• Head trauma or post-operative neurosurgical patients: Dextrose solutions can exacerbate cerebral edema.

Use with caution in elderly patients and those with comorbidities. Always evaluate clinical context and laboratory results before administration.

Storage of 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

Proper storage of IV solutions is essential to maintain their sterility, potency, and safety.

• Temperature: Store below 25°C (77°F). Do not freeze.
• Light: Protect from excessive light. Keep in original packaging until use.
• Handling: Check the container for integrity (leaks, cloudiness, particulates) before use.
• Shelf life: Use within the expiry date indicated on the packaging.
• Post-opening: For single-use only. Discard any unused portion immediately after administration.

Do not use if the solution is discolored, contains particulate matter, or the packaging is damaged. Keep out of reach of children and store according to manufacturer guidelines.